Environment

BASEL CONVENTION: GOVERNING HAZARDOUS WASTE IN AN ERA OF EMERGING ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES

The Basel Convention regulates the transboundary movement and environmentally sound management of hazardous wastes. Evolving frameworks like the 2025 e-waste amendments, the 2025-2031 strategic framework, and plastic waste protocols tackle emerging challenges such as waste colonialism, plastic pollution, and illegal dumping.

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COAL-TO-AMMONIUM NITRATE PROJECT: INDIA'S SHIFT TO CLEAN COAL TECH

India’s first commercial-scale coal-to-ammonium nitrate project is a massive ₹25,016 crore facility in Lakhanpur, Odisha. Developed by a BHEL and Coal India joint venture, it uses indigenous coal gasification to produce 2,000 tonnes of ammonium nitrate daily, boosting domestic chemical production and energy self-reliance.

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BIOCHAR: CONVERTING CROP WASTE TO BLACK GOLD FOR CLIMATE ACTION

Biochar, a highly stable carbon-rich material produced via pyrolysis, offers a revolutionary solution to India's stubble burning crisis. Biochar's potential in carbon sequestration, soil fertility enhancement, multi-sectoral applications, and its vital role in the upcoming Indian Carbon Market.

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KANCHAN DEVI COMMITTEE: SUPREME COURT'S ARAVALLI PANEL

The Supreme Court established the Kanchan Devi Committee to evaluate the government's contentious plan to define the Aravalli range as hills over 100 meters, focusing on the ecological importance of the Aravallis and constitutional environmentalism.

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STUBBLE BURNING IN INDIA: CAUSES, IMPACTS, AND SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS

Stubble burning highlights a structural crisis where limited time and high machinery costs force farmers into a "matchstick solution," necessitating a shift toward "waste-to-wealth" models and direct financial incentives.

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THE ROLE OF ANIMALS IN POLITICAL POWER AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT

Historically and in contemporary governance, animals have often been viewed as more than just biological entities; they serve as symbols of authority and instruments of state power. From the royal hunting grounds of the past to modern conservation policies, the way a state manages its wildlife often reflects its broader political priorities. 

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WHAT ARE INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES (IAS)?

The National Biodiversity Authority formed an expert committee to combat Invasive Alien Species in India. Addressing a $127.3 billion economic threat, the panel will create a national risk profile and management strategies to meet Global Biodiversity Framework targets.

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AGRI-PHOTOVOLTAICS (AGRIPV): CHALLENGES, BENEFITS, AND WAY FORWARD

Agri-Photovoltaics resolves India's land-use conflicts by combining solar power with farming. By turning farmers into Urjadatas, this model boosts rural income and water security. Scaling through PM-KUSUM 2.0 and VGF is vital for achieving India’s 2030 clean energy and food targets. 

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SARHUL FESTIVAL: TRIBAL CULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION

The Sarhul festival, celebrated by tribal communities like the Oraon and Munda, symbolizes the profound intersection of indigenous cultural identity and environmental conservation. Through rituals like worshipping the Sal tree and preserving 'Sarna' sacred groves, tribals inherently promote biodiversity.  

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NIPAH VIRUS OUTBREAK IN KERALA EXPLAINED

India is tackling lethal Nipah outbreaks by shifting from reactive responses to One Health integration, utilizing BSL-3 labs and surveillance to counter ecological disruptions, aiming to bridge institutional gaps for stronger, systemic grassroots resilience.

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INDIA'S WATER SCARCITY: CAUSES, IMPACTS AND WAY FORWARD

India faces a severe water crisis driven by climate change and agricultural inefficiency. To ensure 2047 sustainability, India must transition to a circular water economy, adopting regenerative agriculture, crop diversification, "sponge cities," and institutional reforms like digital water accounting.

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UNEP SAFE DISPOSAL OF UNUSED MEDICINES REPORT

A recent UNEP report warns that 50% of household medicines become waste, driving Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). To combat this, India is implementing NAP-AMR 2.0 and Kerala’s nPROUD initiative, focusing on One Health, Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), and precise prescriptions for a sustainable future. 

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