UPSC GS 2

Operation 'Lion's Roar' To 'Epic Fury': Battle Names In The US-Israel-Iran Conflict

The escalating standoff between Israel, Iran, and the US over nuclear advancements risks a global energy crisis via the Strait of Hormuz, necessitating urgent Indian-led mediation to restore regional stability.

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IRAN-ISRAEL CRISIS: CHALLENGES AND WAY FORWARD FOR INDIA

Amid rising US-Israel-Iran tensions, India adopts multi-alignment, urging de-escalation while balancing ties with all sides. The crisis threatens its 10 million diaspora, Gulf energy supplies, and projects like Chabahar Port and IMEEC. Managing this turmoil will test India’s strategic autonomy and diplomatic credibility.

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INDIA–BHUTAN COOPERATION ON TRANS-BOUNDARY RIVERS AND HYDROPOWER PROJECTS

India’s Water Resources Secretary visited Bhutan in February 2026, shifting focus from hydropower to holistic river basin management. Both sides advanced Punatsangchhu projects and strengthened Brahmaputra River flood forecasting. They addressed geological risks and GLOFs, promoting BBIN energy integration and diversified renewable cooperation.

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INDIA-ISRAEL RELATIONS: A SPECIAL STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP

Prime Minister Modi’s 2026 Israel visit upgraded ties to a Special Strategic Partnership, expanding cooperation in critical technologies and linking UPI with MASAV. India pursues strategic multialignment, balancing Israel ties with Arab interests. Reviving I2U2 and IMEC remains vital to protect diaspora and regional stability.

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DPDP Act vs RTI Act: Is the Right to Information Being Diluted?

The Supreme Court is examining Section 44(3) of the DPDP Act, 2023, which amends the RTI Act by replacing a public interest-based exemption with a blanket bar on personal information disclosure. The case weighs privacy under Puttaswamy against transparency, corruption risks, and global standards like GDPR.

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KERALA TO KERALAM: PROCESS TO CHANGE THE NAME OF A STATE

The Union Cabinet approved renaming Kerala as “Keralam,” reflecting Malayalam roots and the Aikya Kerala movement. Under Article 3, Parliament can change state names by simple majority, with state views consultative per the Babulal Parate case. The move raises administrative, economic, and federalism considerations.

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EVOLVING GLOBAL TRADE PACTS: CHALLENGES AND WAY FORWARD FOR INDIA

Modern trade pacts now set rules on environment, labour, and digital commerce, not just tariffs. Deals like the India–EFTA TEPA expand market access and investment, but raise compliance costs for MSMEs. Measures such as the EU’s CBAM risk protectionism, challenging India’s policy autonomy.

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) TRANSFORMING RURAL INDIA

Artificial Intelligence drives rural transformation under India’s AI for All vision. Initiatives like the IndiaAI Mission and BHASHINI support precision farming and governance tools such as Krishi 24/7 and BhuPRAHARI. Addressing digital gaps, data limits, and ethical risks is essential for inclusive, human-centric development.

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International Criminal Court (ICC): Status, Challenges, and India’s Stance

The International Criminal Court (ICC) is a permanent global court established by the Rome Statute in 2002. Based in The Hague, it prosecutes individuals for genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and aggression when national courts fail to act. It aims to end impunity for serious international crimes.

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JUDICIAL REVIEW ON FREEBIES: WELFARE VS FISCAL PRUDENCE

The Supreme Court, led by CJI Surya Kant, criticized states for fiscally unsustainable freebies, raising concerns over revenue deficits and rising debt-to-GSDP ratios. Distinguishing welfare from non-merit goods, it warned of Capex erosion. Citing S. Subramaniam Balaji, reforms include targeted subsidies and stronger Election Commission oversight.

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INDIA JOINS U.S. - LED 'PAX SILICA' COALITION

India has joined the U.S. led Pax Silica coalition to secure critical minerals and AI supply chains, reduce reliance on China, and strengthen initiatives like the IndiaAI Mission and KABIL. The move boosts technology access and investment but raises concerns over strategic autonomy and data sovereignty.

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FREEBIES CULTURE HAMPERS INDIA’S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

The Supreme Court flagged India’s freebies culture, citing fiscal stress in Tamil Nadu from universal schemes like free electricity. It distinguished merit goods from populist handouts, noting debt risks and power sector strain in TANGEDCO. Referring to the S. Subramaniam Balaji case, it urged targeted subsidies and fiscal discipline.

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