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GS Paper 3 Environment

PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT RULES 2026: KEY AMENDMENTS, CHALLENGES, WAY FORWARD

The 2026 Plastic Waste Rules ease compliance by deferring EPR penalties but risk "greenwashing" by redefining incineration as recycling. To ensure true accountability, India must replace self-reporting with unannounced audits, integrate informal workers, and prioritize material recovery over burning plastic.

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ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE BACTERIA IN ASHTAMUDI LAKE

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) occurs when bacteria, viruses, and parasites evolve to resist medicines, making infections harder to treat. Driven by overuse of antibiotics, AMR increases risks of disease spread, severe illness, and death, threatening global public health and modern medicine. 

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FIMBRISTYLIS WAYANADENSIS: NEW PLANT SPECIES DISCOVERED IN WESTERN GHATS

Fimbristylis wayanadensis is a newly discovered species of sedge (grass-like plant) from the Wayanad district of Kerala, Western Ghats. Found in marshy grasslands, it is characterized by its unique floral structure and is currently considered endemic to this biodiversity hotspot. 

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SAND MINING IN INDIA: ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS, REGULATIONS, AND SOLUTIONS

Sand mining, driven by urbanization, threatens ecosystems like the Chambal Sanctuary. While the EMGSM 2020 guidelines aim for regulation, overcoming the "sand mafia" requires transitioning to a circular economy through satellite monitoring, fiscal incentives for M-Sand, and recycled construction waste

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DISCOVERY OF NEW NIGHT FROG SPECIES (NYCTIBATRACHUS KALI) IN THE WESTERN GHATS

Researchers discovered Nyctibatrachus kali, a cryptic night frog species, in the Kali Tiger Reserve, Karnataka. Genetically distinct by 5%, its habitat in the Dandeli-Anshi landscape underscores the central Western Ghats' biodiversity and the Kali River's ecological importance

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Earth Hour 2026: Global Climate Action

Earth Hour 2026 takes place on Saturday, March 28, from 8:30 PM to 9:30 PM local time. This global event marks the 20th anniversary of the movement, encouraging millions to switch off non-essential lights to support our planet. 

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NEOLOBOPTERA PENINSULARIS: NEW COCKROACH DISCOVERY IN DECCAN

The discovery of Neoloboptera peninsularis in Maharashtra highlights integrative taxonomy, combining DNA barcoding with morphological analysis. This non-pest species plays a vital ecological role in nutrient recycling, showcasing how technological interventions can bridge gaps in biodiversity mapping and conservation.

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MICROPLASTIC CRISIS IN INDIA: SOURCES, IMPACTS, WAY FORWARD

India faces a severe microplastic crisis, releasing 3.9 lakh tonnes annually into waterbodies. These particles contaminate sea salt, seafood, and urban air, leading to significant human ingestion. Government responses include the 2022 single-use plastic ban and 2024 EPR rules.

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