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UPSC GS Paper 3

SARHUL FESTIVAL: TRIBAL CULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION

The Sarhul festival, celebrated by tribal communities like the Oraon and Munda, symbolizes the profound intersection of indigenous cultural identity and environmental conservation. Through rituals like worshipping the Sal tree and preserving 'Sarna' sacred groves, tribals inherently promote biodiversity.  

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INDIA TESTS FLOATING LIDAR BUOY TO BOOST WEATHER FORECASTING

Floating LiDAR Buoy marks a milestone for India’s 30 GW offshore wind goal. By providing precise data via Optical Remote Sensing, it boosts "Aatmanirbhar" energy security, cyclone forecasting, and maritime safety while reducing costly technology imports

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NIPAH VIRUS OUTBREAK IN KERALA EXPLAINED

India is tackling lethal Nipah outbreaks by shifting from reactive responses to One Health integration, utilizing BSL-3 labs and surveillance to counter ecological disruptions, aiming to bridge institutional gaps for stronger, systemic grassroots resilience.

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BIOTECHNOLOGY IN INDIA: GROWTH, POLICIES, CHALLENGES, WAY FORWARD

Growing at 18%, India’s $195.3B bioeconomy targets $1T by 2047. Success requires bridging funding gaps, streamlining regulations, and leveraging BioE3 policies. By evolving GCCs into R&D powerhouses and adopting public procurement mandates, India can lead global biotechnology and sustainable innovation.

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KRISHI SAKHI INITIATIVE: EMPOWERING WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE

The Krishi Sakhi Initiative empowers women farmers by improving crop insurance access and digital literacy. To overcome low land ownership, experts advocate for "Cultivator Certificates" to decouple insurance from titles, ensuring credit and climate resilience for India’s growing female workforce.

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RELIEF SCHEME EXPLAINED: INDIA SHIELDING EXPORTERS FROM WEST ASIA GEOPOLITICS

The RELIEF scheme (₹497 crores) provides risk coverage and reimbursements to MSMEs facing West Asia's logistical disruptions. Long-term resilience requires operationalising IMEC/INSTC routes and building a domestic shipping fleet for true Atmanirbhar maritime logistics

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UNEP SAFE DISPOSAL OF UNUSED MEDICINES REPORT

A recent UNEP report warns that 50% of household medicines become waste, driving Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). To combat this, India is implementing NAP-AMR 2.0 and Kerala’s nPROUD initiative, focusing on One Health, Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), and precise prescriptions for a sustainable future. 

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SVAMITVA SCHEME: DIGITIZING RURAL LAND RECORDS

SVAMITVA uses drone technology to map rural Abadi lands, providing villagers with legal property cards. This empowers owners to access bank loans, reduces boundary disputes, and boosts Panchayat revenue. Despite data and legacy challenges, it’s a vital step toward rural economic digital transformation.

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MISSION FOR AATMANIRBHARTA IN PULSES EXPLAINED

The Mission for Aatmanirbharta in Pulses (2025) targets self-sufficiency by 2030–31 through higher yields, expanded cultivation, and assured procurement. With digital tracking and cluster-based strategies, it aims to reduce import dependence, stabilize markets, and ensure sustainable nutritional and agricultural security.

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Osbeckia zubeengargiana: New Plant Species Discovered in Assam

Botanists from Gauhati University discovered a new plant species, Osbeckia zubeengargiana, in the grasslands of Manas National Park, Assam. Named after legendary singer Zubeen Garg, this perennial shrub features pinkish-purple flowers and reaches heights of 3.5 metres. 

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ICE PATCHES ON MELTING GLACIERS IN THE HIMALAYAS

An ISRO study on the August 2025 Dharali flash flood identifies the collapse of exposed ice patches in nivation hollows—driven by rapid deglaciation and global warming—as a critical new cryospheric hazard, necessitating that India’s NDMA expand its satellite surveillance and early warning systems beyond traditional GLOF monitoring to protect high-altitude regions.

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ANAVARAN DEFORESTATION ALERT SYSTEM SUSPENDED

India must bridge the gap between AI monitoring and institutional readiness by refining algorithms, empowering local governance, and utilizing CAMPA funds to ensure satellite alerts translate into the effective conservation action needed for its 2030 climate targets.

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