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UPSC GS Paper 3

TANZANIA HALTS SODA ASH MINING TO PROTECT LESSER FLAMINGOS

Tanzania halted soda ash mining at Lake Natron, safeguarding Lesser Flamingos’ sole breeding site. Driven by Maasai protests and global pressure, it prioritizes biodiversity and eco-tourism, highlighting balance between development and conservation leadership.

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SMALL MODULAR REACTORS: MEANING SIGNIFICANCE, CHALLENGES, WAY FORWARD

Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), with up to 300 MWe capacity, enable rapid, flexible, factory-built clean power. Despite higher costs, they offer fast deployment, reliable baseload, and emissions-free energy, supporting India’s decarbonization, energy security, and global climate goals.

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AGE OF PROTECTIONISM: INDIA BALANCING SELF-RELIANCE AND GLOBAL LEADERSHIP

Protectionism is fragmenting trade and reshaping supply chains, posing risks and opportunities for India. By advancing Atmanirbhar Bharat, diversifying markets, and boosting technology-driven manufacturing, India can balance self-reliance with global integration, securing resilience and leadership in a protectionist world economy.

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PRODUCTION LINKED INCENTIVE(PLI) SCHEME FOR WHITE GOODS

The reopening of the PLI Scheme for White Goods highlights India’s push for self-reliance by boosting domestic manufacturing, reducing imports, and promoting innovation. With growing market demand, success depends on streamlined policies, technology transfer, and global competitiveness to strengthen supply chains and exports.

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PLASTIC POLLUTION CRISIS: MEANING, CHALLENEGES, WAY FORWARD

The plastic pollution crisis demands urgent action. With rising waste and treaty deadlocks, India must strengthen management through enforcement, innovation, and inclusive policies. By balancing economy with sustainability, India can drive a circular economy, align with SDG 12, and mitigate impacts.

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AUSTRALIA APPROVED VACCINE TO COMBAT CHLAMYDIA IN KOALAS

The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) is an arboreal, herbivorous marsupial native to eastern and southeastern Australia. Solitary and eucalyptus-dependent, it sleeps 18–20 hours, breeds via pouches, inhabits woodlands and shrublands, and is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.

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HONEYBEE PARASITE THREATENS GLOBAL POLLINATORS

Tropilaelaps mercedesae, a new parasitic mite originating in Asia, is posing a significant global threat to honeybees. Originating in Asia, it feeds on bee pupae, reproduces rapidly, and transmits lethal viruses, causing colony collapse. Current treatments are ineffective, and managing both mites simultaneously presents a major challenge.

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NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES EMERGING AS BIGGEST HEALTH THREAT

India is facing a health crisis due to the Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), leading to increased mortality rates, cancers, and respiratory diseases. This issue is exacerbated by gender inequities in healthcare access, hindering timely intervention. A shift towards a preventive, gender-sensitive healthcare model is needed to address this issue.

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COMMUNITY-LED RIVER CONSERVATION : CHHATTISGARH MODEL

Community-led river conservation shifts focus from state-led interventions to people-driven stewardship. Rooted in traditional wisdom and local ownership, it integrates ecological restoration with livelihood security. By empowering marginalized communities and ensuring participatory governance, this bottom-up model offers a sustainable pathway to address India’s water crisis and strengthen environmental resilience.

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NEW POLICY ON MINING CRITICAL MINERALS

India’s new policy exempts critical and atomic mineral mining projects from mandatory public hearings, aiming to fast-track approvals for defense, nuclear, and renewable sectors. While prioritizing national security and strategic needs, it requires strong environmental and social impact assessments to balance rapid resource extraction with sustainable development goals.

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WHAT IS STABLECOINS? EXPLAINED: MEANING & CHALLENGES

 Stablecoins are cryptocurrencies pegged to assets like the dollar or gold to ensure price stability. They enable fast, low-cost global payments and support DeFi, but raise risks of financial instability and regulatory concerns. India remains cautious, prioritizing UPI and Digital Rupee while debating stablecoin regulation amid growing global adoption.

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SMALL SATELLITE LAUNCH VEHICLE (SSLV) TECHNOLOGY

India's Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) is a response to global demand for rapid, cost-effective missions. Launched by ISRO, it features a liquid-based Velocity Trimming Module and a 72-hour turnaround time.

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