UPSC GS Paper 3

MAVEN MARS MISSION: OBJECTIVES, DISCOVERIES, LEGACY AND SIGNIFICANCE FOR PLANETARY SCIENCE

NASA officially retired the MAVEN mission following an unrecoverable communication failure. During its eleven years orbiting Mars, the spacecraft provided groundbreaking insights into atmospheric sputtering, solar wind interactions, and exactly how the Red Planet lost its early habitable climate forever.

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OPERATION SHERUWALI EXPLAINED

Operation Sheruwali is a joint anti-terror mission by the Indian Army, CRPF, and J&K Police in Rajouri's dense forests. It utilizes advanced surveillance to eliminate foreign terrorists, highlighting India's multi-agency coordination in challenging terrain.

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SUPREME COURT UPHOLDS RETROSPECTIVE GST ON ONLINE GAMING

The Supreme Court upheld a 28% retrospective GST on the full face value of online gaming bets and affirmed states' rights to ban such games. This shift to a turnover taxation model threatens the Real Money Gaming (RMG) industry's financial survival.

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INDIA-US CRITICAL MINERALS PACT EXPLAINED

India and the US signed a strategic critical minerals framework to reduce Chinese dependency. Supported by the Quad's $20 billion initiative, Pax Silica, and India's NCMM, the partnership secures resilient supply chains for advanced technology, clean energy, and national defense.

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AYUSHMAN BHARAT HEALTH ACCOUNTS (ABHA): DIGITIZATION OF HEALTH RECORDS IN INDIA

The Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission creates a federated digital health ecosystem across India using the 14-digit ABHA ID. While it ensures seamless healthcare access and interoperable records, data privacy concerns and cyber-attacks necessitate robust cybersecurity frameworks for enhanced patient protection.

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INDIA ASSUMES CHAIR OF COMMON CRITERIA DEVELOPMENT BOARD (CCDB)

India assumed the Chair of the Common Criteria Development Board (CCDB) for 2026–2028, leading global IT security evaluation standards. This milestone enhances India's influence in cybersecurity, digital trust, and mutually recognized secure technology certification.

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PM E-DRIVE SCHEME EXPLAINED: FEATURES, SUBSIDIES, CHALLENGES, WAY FORWARD

The PM E-DRIVE Scheme is a ₹10,900 crore initiative by the Ministry of Heavy Industries accelerating EV adoption, enhancing public transport, deploying charging infrastructure, and boosting local manufacturing through Aadhaar-linked e-vouchers, extending specific category support until March 2028.

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CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ON INDIAN AGRICULTURE

Climate change threatens Indian agriculture, with a 1°C warming reducing average national crop yields by approximately 8%. To protect rural livelihoods and food security, adopting climate-resilient strategies like early sowing, conservation agriculture, and stress-tolerant genetically modified crops is essential

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EMERGENCY CREDIT LINE GUARANTEE SCHEME (ECLGS) 5.0 EXPLAINED

The Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme (ECLGS) 5.0 provides collateral-free, guaranteed credit to MSMEs and airlines to mitigate West Asia crisis impacts. Administered by NCGTC, it has successfully saved millions of jobs and contained MSME NPAs.

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CELL BROADCAST SYSTEM FOR DISASTERS

The SACHET Cell Broadcast System, developed by C-DOT and NDMA, is India's indigenous disaster alert technology. Operating on cellular networks without internet, it provides instant, geo-targeted warnings to millions, shifting India towards a proactive, tech-driven disaster management framework.

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OP NETRA 1.0: INDIAN ARMY'S EYE CAMP IN LADAKH

Op Netra 1.0 was a mega high-altitude surgical eye camp conducted by the Indian Army in Ladakh under Operation Sadbhavana. It featured the indigenous 'Op Netra App' and showcased exceptional civil-military synergy to restore vision for remote border populations.

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