UPSC GS Paper 2

INDIA LAUNCHES RESPONSIBLE NATIONS INDEX

India launched the Responsible Nations Index to assess countries on ethical governance, environmental care, and global well-being. By challenging Western-led indices, the RNI shifts focus from power to accountability, promotes a Global South narrative, and positions India as a responsible Vishwa Bandhu in a multipolar world.

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Domestic Workers in India: Do the New Labour Codes Offer Real Protection?

A Supreme Court-mandated committee said domestic workers do not need a separate law, citing coverage under new Labour Codes. Rights groups disagree, arguing these codes target formal establishments and ignore private households, leaving millions of women workers without social security, maternity benefits, or protection from exploitation.

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AI IN HEALTHCARE: SIGNIFICANCE, CHALLENGES, WAY FORWARD

AI is revolutionizing healthcare by moving from passive tracking to proactive protection, using miniaturized wearables and smart breath analysis to continuously monitor over 300 biomarkers. This enables early disease detection and longevity optimization. However, this shift toward "industrialization of the self" requires strong health data security to balance innovation with individual privacy rights.

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INTEGRATING TRIBAL HEALERS INTO PUBLIC HEALTH: SIGNIFICANCE, CHALLENGES, WAY FORWARD

The Ministry of Tribal Affairs to recognize one lakh tribal healers under a QCI certification framework. Integrating indigenous practitioners into formal healthcare aims to bridge gaps in remote areas, preserve traditional knowledge, and ensure dignity, legality, and inclusive, pluralistic healthcare delivery by 2026.

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Decolonization of Symbols in India Explained

Symbolic decolonization replaces colonial names, laws, and insignia with indigenous markers under the Panch Pran vision. Steps like Kartavya Path, new criminal codes, and cultural symbols aim to reclaim identity, though critics caution against tokenism and urge parallel focus on substantive governance reforms.

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Prime Minister's Internship Scheme (PMIS): Features, Significance, Challenges, Way Forward

The Prime Minister’s Internship Scheme is underperforming due to chronic under-spending and poor uptake, with acceptance below 34 percent. An unviable ₹5,000 stipend is the key deterrent, reflecting deeper issues like skill mismatches. Revamp needs higher stipends, NEP 2020 alignment, and NAPS-style apprenticeship integration.

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INDIA-EU FREE TRADE AGREEMENT: SIGNIFICANCE, CHALLENGES, WAY FORWARD

India and the EU are moving toward a landmark FTA to expand trade, diversify supply chains, and boost investment. Talks still face hurdles over market access, CBAM, IPR, and data issues. Pragmatic negotiations, use of the Trade and Technology Council, and strong political will are key to a balanced deal.

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IRAN CRISIS: BACKGROUND, CURRENT STATUS, CHALLENGES, WAY FORWARD

Iran faces a decisive moment where economic mismanagement meets external pressure. Sanctions, 2025 Israeli strikes, and subsidy cuts have fueled unrest. U.S. regime-change signals echo Iraq and Libya’s failures. Stability demands internal reform and diplomacy, not another war that could destabilize West Asia entire region.

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Secularism in Indian Education: Constitutional Vision, Contemporary Challenges, and Way Forward

Indian secularism in education seeks to promote equal respect for all religions while ensuring scientific temper and constitutional values. However, communal polarization, curriculum biases, and politicization challenge this vision. Strengthening constitutional literacy, inclusive curricula, teacher training, and institutional autonomy offers a sustainable way forward.

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TRUMP’S TARIFF WARNING BRINGS INDIA-IRAN TIES UNDER RENEWED STRAIN

Rising US pressure, including proposed tariffs on Iran-linked trade, puts India’s Chabahar investment under strain. Central to INSTC connectivity and strategic autonomy, Chabahar risks slipping to China if India exits. New Delhi must defend its regional value through firm, multi-pronged diplomacy while managing sanctions exposure.

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WHY SOUTHERN STATES FEAR THENEXT DELIMITATION?

The post-2026 delimitation of constituencies risks straining India’s federal balance. Population-based reallocation may sharply boost northern states’ representation while reducing that of southern states that controlled population growth. This shift could penalize policy success, distort fiscal federalism, and intensify north–south political tensions.

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RUMP GREENLIGHTS BILL PROPOSING 500% TARIFF OVER RUSSIA OIL TRADE

The proposed U.S. “Sanctioning Russia Act of 2025” threatens secondary sanctions and 500% tariffs on buyers of Russian energy, targeting India. It forces New Delhi to balance energy security, economic risks, and U.S. ties while safeguarding strategic autonomy through diplomacy and alternative mechanisms.

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