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Source: Odishalive

Context

The latest Class 8 history textbook from NCERT omits the Paika Rebellion of 1817, causing political backlash in Odisha.

What Was the Paika Rebellion?

• The Paika Rebellion, also known as Paika Bidroha, was a significant armed uprising against British colonial rule that took place in 1817. 
• It was led by Bakshi Jagabandhu in Odisha, several decades before the First War of Independence in 1857, making it one of the earliest organized revolts against the British.

Region Involved

• The rebellion primarily erupted in the Khurda district of Odisha, which served as its core region. 
• However, it soon spread to other areas, including Puri, Banpur, Ghumusar, and several parts of tribal-dominated Odisha, involving a wide range of local communities.

Key Causes of the Revolt

Loss of Hereditary Land

The Paikas, who were the traditional militia and landlords of Odisha, lost their rent-free land grants due to the British land revenue reforms. This undermined their social and economic position, creating deep resentment.

Cultural Disruption

The British refusal to recognize the authority of local Odia kings and the destruction of Barunei Fort—an important cultural and military site—shattered local pride and identity, fueling anger among the population.

Economic Exploitation

The introduction of new currency systems and excessive taxation by the British placed heavy financial burdens on the local people, particularly peasants and the Paikas, deepening economic distress.

Salt Monopoly

The British control over the salt trade severely affected the livelihood of hill and tribal communities, who traditionally relied on salt production and trade for survival.

Peasant-Tenant Conflict

The rise of absentee Bengali landlords, empowered by British policies, worsened tensions between peasants and landlords. This, combined with tribal discontent, escalated the situation into open rebellion.

Source: Indian Express