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Source: Wikipedia

Context

The glaciers of Mount Cilo, which is the second largest in Turkiye, is seen in country's Hakkari province.

Location and Elevation

• Mount Cilo, also known as Reşko, Gelyaşin, or Uludoruk, is the second-highest peak in Turkey, reaching an elevation of 4,135 meters. 
• It is located in the Yüksekova district of Hakkâri Province, near the Iraq border. 
• The mountain lies within the East Taurus Mountains (Doğu Toroslar) in the Eastern Anatolia region.

Topography and Physical Features

• Spanning approximately 30 kilometers, Mount Cilo forms the western section of the Cilo-Sat Mountains National Park, established in 2020. 
• The massif is characterized by rugged terrain, including sharp ridgelines, steep limestone cliffs, deep gorges, and glacial valleys. Nearby lies Suppa Durek (Erinç Tepe), Turkey’s third-highest peak at 4,116 meters.

Glacial Retreat and Environmental Impact

• The Mount Cilo region has experienced significant glacial retreat due to global warming. 
• Since the 1980s, nearly half of its permanent snow and ice cover has disappeared. 
• Ice sheets are visibly receding, and meltwater now feeds more intense torrents and waterfalls, reshaping local water cycles and ecosystems.

Climate Change and Regional Extremes

• The Eastern Anatolia region, including areas around Mount Cilo, is increasingly impacted by climate extremes. Silopi, located 200 km away, recorded Turkey’s highest-ever temperature of 50.5°C in July 2025. 
• UN climate projections for the region warn of a 5–6°C temperature rise and up to 30% reduction in rainfall by the end of the century.

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