Disclaimer: Copyright infringement not intended.

Context

• May 1 is observed as “May Day”, also referred to as “International Workers’ Day” and “Labour Day” in different countries across the world. The day commemorates the contributions of workers, and the labour movement.

The Haymarket Affair:

• Originating as a northern hemisphere spring festival, May 1 became associated with the Labour Movement in the late 19th century.
• The decision was inspired by the Haymarket Affair in Chicago on May 4, 1886, marked by a violent clash between police and labour protesters during a peaceful rally.
• The incident, triggered by a bomb explosion, resulted in casualties among both police officers and civilians, fueling demands for better working conditions globally.
• Protesters, advocating against workers’ rights violations, faced severe repercussions including life imprisonment and death sentences, with casualties hailed as "Haymarket Martyrs".

Labour Day Worldwide:

• The United States formally recognized Labor Day as a federal holiday in 1894, celebrated on the first Monday of September.
• Canada adopted a similar observance shortly thereafter, following years of protests for eight-hour workdays.
• The Second International declared May 1 as International Workers’ Day in 1889, advocating for the 8-hour workday and other proletarian demands.
• The celebration gained momentum after the Russian Revolution in 1917, becoming a national holiday in the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc nations during the Cold War.
• Parades, showcasing Soviet military strength, became a prominent feature of May Day celebrations, particularly at Moscow's Red Square.

May Day in India:

• May Day was first celebrated in India on May 1, 1923, initiated by the Labour Kisan Party of Hindustan under the leadership of Comrade Singaravelar.
• Comrade Singaravelar, a prominent figure in the Self Respect movement and advocate for the rights of backward classes, emphasized the importance of a national holiday on Labour Day.
• The celebrations highlighted the ongoing struggle for workers' rights and the need for governmental recognition and support for the labour movement.

Download PDF