GLACIAL LAKES OUTBURST FLOOD

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Context

• Around 15 million people across the world face the risk of sudden and deadly flooding from glacial lakes, which are expanding and rising in numbers due to global warming.

Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF)

• A glacial lake outburst flood(GLOF) is a type of outburst flood caused by the failure of a dam containing a glacial lake.
• An event similar to a GLOF, where a body of water contained by a glacier melts or overflows the glacier, is called a jökulhlaup. The dam can consist of glacierice or a terminal moraine. Failure can happen due to erosion, a buildup of water pressure, an avalanche of rock or heavy snow, an earthquake or cryoseism, volcanic eruptions under the ice, or massive displacement of water in a glacial lake when a large portion of an adjacent glacier collapses into it.
• Increasing glacial melting because of climate change, alongside other environmental effects of climate change(i.e permafrost melting) mean that regions with glaciers are likely to see increased flooding risks from GLOFs. This is especially true in the Himalayas where geologies are more active.

Recent Study

• Around 15 million people across the world face the risk of sudden and deadly flooding from glacial lakes, which are expanding and rising in numbers due to global warming, according to a new study published in Nature. More than half of those who could be impacted live in four countries: India, Pakistan, Peru and China.
• ‘Glacial lake outburst floods threaten millions globally.
• Increasing glacial melting because of climate change, alongside other environmental effects of climate change (i.e permafrost melting) mean that regions with glaciers are likely to see increased flooding risks from GLOFs. This is especially true in the Himalayas where geologies are more active.
• GLOFs can prove to be catastrophic as they mostly arrive with little warning and result in large-scale destruction of property, infrastructure, and agricultural land. They can also lead to the death of hundreds of people.

https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-climate/india-pakistan-flooding-from-glacial-lakes-new-study-8456650/