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DEEP SEA MINING: PROCESS, SIGNIFICANCE & CONCERN

Deep sea mining extracts essential minerals like cobalt, nickel, manganese, copper, and rare earth elements for modern technologies. The International Seabed Authority (ISA) governs this process. Challenges include environmental protection, financial systems, and enforcement. To ensure responsible governance, ISA should prioritize scientific research, promote circular economy, and invest in sustainable practices. For UPSC GS II & III

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Despite more than a decade of discussions, countries are still far from agreeing on the full set of rules for deep-sea mining. 

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