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According to a study paper published in the journal Frontiers in Forest and Global Change, Global warming is raising sea level rise and making floods more common in some areas.
Dendrochronology (or tree-ring dating) is the scientific method of dating tree rings (also called growth rings) to the exact year they were formed in a tree. As well as dating them, can give data for dendroclimatology, the study of climate and atmospheric conditions during different periods in history from the wood of old trees. |
It is a sudden and abrupt inundation of a coastal environment caused by a short-term increase in water level due to a storm surge and extreme tides. The magnitude and extension depend on the coastal topography, storm surge conditions and broader bathymetry of the coastal area. |
Coastal flooding is generally a natural process and constitutes an important part of the natural coastal dynamics, especially for salt marshes and mangrove forests. In areas with human activities, however, it can constitute a major challenge and lead to loss of property and lives.
Over the last 200 years, it is estimated that about two million people have been killed in flood events mainly in South Asia and with growing coastal populations and sea level rise, the world faces increasing potential for coastal flood disasters.
As a low-lying country, the Netherlands has had its fair share of floods. One of the biggest floods was the North Sea flood of 1953. On 23 August 2005, Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans, Louisiana (US), leaving behind a trail of destruction. On 26 December 2004, one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history happened: an all-powerful tsunami, caused by an undersea earthquake, hit the countries and islands in the Indian Ocean. |
Building sea walls, e.g. on the North Norfolk coast and 3m sea wall on Malé.
Constructing storm-surge barriers, e.g. The Thames barrier and the Eastern Scheldt, the Netherlands.
Building earth dams, like the bunds in Bangladesh.
Case study: Through the restoration of mangrove forests, e.g. Sri Lanka. As a result of the 2004 tsunami, 6,0000 were killed in one village alone where the mangroves had been removed compared to only two deaths in an adjacent village protected by a mangrove forest. |
India's coastline spans 7,516 kilometers, encompassing 5,422 kilometers on the mainland and 2,094 kilometers across islands belonging to nine states and four Union Territories.
This coastline supports 90% of the country's trade and encompasses 3,331 coastal villages and 1,382 islands.
According to an analysis, about 43.5 of the coastline is under highly vulnerable zone and about 1 is under a very highly vulnerable zone.
Aspect |
Details |
Renewable Energy Expansion |
India has set ambitious targets to significantly increase renewable energy capacity. The country is heavily investing in solar and wind energy projects to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels and cut down on greenhouse gas emissions. |
International Commitments |
India is a signatory to the Paris Agreement, pledging to reduce its carbon intensity and increase the share of non-fossil fuel energy in its overall energy mix. It aims to meet 50% of electricity demand from renewable energy sources by 2030. |
Afforestation and Forest Conservation |
India has launched programs to enhance forest cover, restore degraded land, and encourage sustainable forest management, acknowledging the importance of forests in carbon sequestration and climate regulation. |
Clean Transportation |
India aims for 30% of its market to consist of electric vehicles by 2030. The government provides incentives and subsidies to support both the production and use of EVs. |
Climate Resilience |
India is investing in improving climate resilience and adaptation, particularly in vulnerable sectors such as agriculture, water resources, and coastal regions. |
International Cooperation |
India is actively participating in international initiatives such as the International Solar Alliance and the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure to address climate change challenges. |
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why do floods & droughts simultaneously ravage india?
Source:
PRACTICE QUESTION Q.What is Coastal Flooding? Discuss the effectiveness of India's coastal flood management strategies and suggest recommendations for enhancing resilience and sustainability. (150 words) |
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