UPSC Mains

VICTIM-CENTRIC CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM IN INDIA

India’s criminal justice system is embracing a victim-centric model through the BNSS 2023, guaranteeing structured victim compensation, active procedural participation, and timely updates. This transition successfully balances restorative justice mechanisms with retributive frameworks while protecting the accused's constitutional rights.

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IMPROVE FERTILIZER USE EFFICIENCY FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE

India faces twin challenges of ecological degradation and soaring fertilizer subsidies. By leveraging the PM-PRANAM scheme, updating Nutrient-Based Subsidy rates, deploying nano-fertilizers, and integrating Edge AI precision farming, the government aims to ensure food security alongside sustainable agricultural practices.

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WHAT ARE MULE ACCOUNTS?: RISKS AND PREVENTION

According to the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C), cyber frauds may cause losses exceeding ₹1.2 lakh crore in 2025. India is actively adopting AI-driven tools like MuleHunter.AI and the Pratibimb app to detect illicit mule accounts.

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DATTATREYA RAMCHANDRA KAPREKAR: LIFE, CONTRIBUTIONS

D.R. Kaprekar was an independent Indian mathematician and schoolteacher who discovered mathematical marvels like the 6174 constant, Kaprekar numbers, and Harshad numbers. Despite lacking institutional backing, his recreational mathematics discoveries hold significant modern applications in computer algorithms.

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WORLD PRESS FREEDOM INDEX 2026: INDIA RANK & GLOBAL TRENDS

The 2026 World Press Freedom Index by RSF places India at 157th, highlighting a severe legal decline. Globally, press freedom has hit a 25-year low, driven by misused national security laws, devastating armed conflicts, and tech platforms spreading AI-generated disinformation.

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