UPSC GS 3

Gitchak Nakana: The Blind Fish Discovered in Assam

The discovery of Gitchak nakana, a blind aquifer fish in Assam’s Indo-Burma hotspot, reveals a fragile subterranean ecosystem. As a bio-indicator of groundwater health, it exposes risks from over-extraction and pollution.  

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Securities Market Code Bill 2025 Explained

The Securities Markets Code Bill 2025 consolidates the SCRA, SEBI Act, and Depositories Act into one framework. It expands SEBI’s board, decriminalizes minor violations, and introduces a statutory Investor Charter. The Bill modernizes rules for digital assets and high-frequency trading, while raising concerns about oversight and independence.

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AI REVOLUTION: IS INDIAN JOB MARKET PREPARED?

AI threatens millions of Indian IT jobs, worsening stagnant wages and graduate unemployment. A deep skills mismatch and low R&D and education investment weaken preparedness. India must pivot to human-AI collaboration through curriculum reform, large-scale reskilling, and strong industry-academia partnerships to build a competitive, future-ready workforce.

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NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL: ROLE, SIGNIFICANCE, PERFORMANCE, CHALLENGES, WAY FORWARD

Between 2020 and 2025, nearly 80% of National Green Tribunal rulings reportedly favored developers, diverging from the Supreme Court’s Ankita Sinha mandate calling it a specialized environmental protector. Technical dismissals, resource gaps, and strategic projects weakened the precautionary principle, prompting calls for structural and procedural reforms.

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) TRANSFORMING RURAL INDIA

Artificial Intelligence drives rural transformation under India’s AI for All vision. Initiatives like the IndiaAI Mission and BHASHINI support precision farming and governance tools such as Krishi 24/7 and BhuPRAHARI. Addressing digital gaps, data limits, and ethical risks is essential for inclusive, human-centric development.

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PM Surya Ghar Scheme: Benefits, Challenges, Way Forward

PM Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana promotes rooftop solar through subsidies and concessional loans, cutting AT&C losses and boosting decentralised power. It faces DISCOM resistance, and grid “Duck Curve” risks. Battery storage and uniform net metering are vital for maximising the benefit and achieving Panchamrit goals.

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AI-Enabled Phishing and the Threat to Digital India

Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology warned of AI-driven phishing targeting the India AI Impact Summit 2026, including smishing, quishing, and digital arrest scams. With India highly targeted, safeguards under Digital Personal Data Protection Act, Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre, and Sanchar Saathi stress zero-trust and coordinated defense.

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SARVAM AI: MADE-IN-INDIA AI REVOLUTION

Sarvam AI anchors India’s Sovereign AI push, stressing domestic infrastructure to prevent data colonization and protect cultural identity. Its models, Bulbul and Saaras, support UIDAI and industrial safety use cases. Despite compute gaps and talent drain, the IndiaAI Mission aims to strengthen deep tech capacity and autonomy.

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AI IMPACT SUMMIT 2026 ADOPTED NEW DELHI DECLARATION

The AI Impact Summit 2026 marked adoption of the New Delhi Declaration by 89 nations, shifting AI governance toward a development-first Global South vision rooted in “Sarvajan Hitaya.” Its 7 pillars promote equity, DPI export, and Global AI Commons, while challenges include compute gaps, energy costs, and voluntary compliance.

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NITI AAYOG RELEASES REPORT ON ‘REVITALIZING APPRENTICESHIP ECOSYSTEM

NITI Aayog’s Revitalizing Apprenticeship Ecosystem urges transforming apprenticeships into strategic human capital investment for Viksit Bharat @2047. It recommends merging NAPS and NATS, linking credits with the National Credit Framework, covering gig workers, and adopting tools like an Apprenticeship Engagement Index, inspired by Germany’s Dual VET model.

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FOREST FIRES IN NORTHEAST INDIA: CAUSES, IMPACT, MANAGEMENT

Severe forest fires in Arunachal Pradesh’s Lohit Valley and Walong, and Nagaland’s Dzukou Valley, have prompted Indian Air Force Bambi Bucket operations. Driven by Jhum cultivation, rainfall deficits, and bamboo cover, the fires threaten biodiversity, LAC security, and glaciers.  

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INDIA JOINS U.S. - LED 'PAX SILICA' COALITION

India has joined the U.S. led Pax Silica coalition to secure critical minerals and AI supply chains, reduce reliance on China, and strengthen initiatives like the IndiaAI Mission and KABIL. The move boosts technology access and investment but raises concerns over strategic autonomy and data sovereignty.

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