UPSC GS 3

MAHARASHTRA WOMEN FARMERS EMPOWERMENT ACT, 2026

Women farmers form the backbone of rural economies, driving global food security. Despite producing much of our food, they face systemic challenges like lack of land ownership, restricted credit access, and wage disparities. Empowering them is vital for sustainable agriculture.

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MELATONIN EMERGE AS A SAFE ADJUNCT THERAPY FOR CHRONIC MUSCLE AND JOINT PAIN

Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates the body's sleep-wake cycle. Secretion rises in the evening as darkness falls to induce sleepiness. Over-the-counter supplements are commonly used to treat insomnia, jet lag, and circadian rhythm disorders

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GAGANYAAN MISSION EXPLAINED

The Gaganyaan mission establishes India's human spaceflight capability by sending astronauts to Low Earth Orbit. Validated through rigorous tests like SOLVE, it enhances national prestige, drives technological innovation, and lays the foundation for the upcoming Bharatiya Antariksh Station.

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BASEL CONVENTION: GOVERNING HAZARDOUS WASTE IN AN ERA OF EMERGING ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES

The Basel Convention regulates the transboundary movement and environmentally sound management of hazardous wastes. Evolving frameworks like the 2025 e-waste amendments, the 2025-2031 strategic framework, and plastic waste protocols tackle emerging challenges such as waste colonialism, plastic pollution, and illegal dumping.

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AMMONIA GAS: PROPERTIES, USES, HEALTH HAZARDS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS

Ammonia is a vital but highly toxic industrial chemical used heavily in fertilizers and refrigeration. While the Haber-Bosch process sustains global agriculture, recent fatal leaks expose severe industrial safety gaps, highlighting the urgent need for stringent regulatory enforcement, robust disaster preparedness, and a transition to safe, green ammonia technologies.

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PROJECT NIMBUS: THE INTERSECTION OF BIG TECH, AI ETHICS, AND WARFARE

Project Nimbus involves a $1.2 billion cloud computing contract among Google, Amazon, and the Israeli government. It has sparked tech worker protests and raises ethical concerns about AI in warfare, digital sovereignty, and the necessity for international cyber governance frameworks.

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KANCHAN DEVI COMMITTEE: SUPREME COURT'S ARAVALLI PANEL

The Supreme Court established the Kanchan Devi Committee to evaluate the government's contentious plan to define the Aravalli range as hills over 100 meters, focusing on the ecological importance of the Aravallis and constitutional environmentalism.

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DRONE REVOLUTION AND MODERN WARFARE: HOW UNMANNED SYSTEMS ARE TRANSFORMING GLOBAL CONFLICT

Militaries now deploy swarm technology, loitering munitions, and stealth UCAVs to achieve asymmetric advantages. India accelerates Atmanirbhar Bharat initiatives, integrating Directed Energy Weapons and AI-powered grids to neutralize evolving aerial threats while ensuring strategic self-reliance.

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MANAGING CURRENCY DEPRECIATION

The 2026 global energy shock, fueled by US-Iran tensions and crude oil surging past $110 per barrel, has driven the Indian Rupee to record lows. This triggers imported inflation, heavy capital outflows, and aggressive RBI forex interventions to stabilize markets.

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MEDICAL TOURISM IN INDIA: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND WAY FORWARD

India is emerging as a premier global hub for Medical Value Travel by integrating advanced clinical treatments with traditional AYUSH wellness systems. Supported by liberalized visas, robust accreditations, and the 'Heal in India' initiative, it offers highly affordable, quality healthcare.

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PRADHAN MANTRI UJJWALA YOJANA (PMUY): TRANSFORMING WOMEN'S HEALTH & CLEAN ENERGY ACCESS

Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) provides deposit-free clean LPG cooking fuel to adult women from poor households. Launched in 2016, it aims to reduce indoor air pollution, empower women, and ensure energy justice with targeted subsidies.

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STUBBLE BURNING IN INDIA: CAUSES, IMPACTS, AND SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS

Stubble burning highlights a structural crisis where limited time and high machinery costs force farmers into a "matchstick solution," necessitating a shift toward "waste-to-wealth" models and direct financial incentives.

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