UPSC current affairs

SHYAMA PRASAD MOOKERJEE LEGACY

Dr. Shyama Prasad Mookerjee drives India's national integration, pioneers critical educational reforms, and lays robust industrial foundations. His relentless opposition to Article 370 and formation of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh permanently shapes modern Indian political thought and constitutional governance.

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ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL IMPACT OF WHITE GUT DISEASE

White Gut Disease severely threatens lucrative Vannamei shrimp farming, causing massive crop losses and economic distress. Tackling this silent epidemic requires strict biosecurity, bioremediation, and robust policy interventions under frameworks like PMMSY to safeguard seafood export targets.

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PERFORMANCE GRADING INDEX (PGI): OUTCOMES AND GOVERNANCE

The Performance Grading Index (PGI) 2.0, released by the Ministry of Education, assesses state and district-level school education. By evaluating 70 indicators, it promotes competitive federalism, highlights infrastructure improvements, and identifies crucial learning outcome gaps to guide evidence-based policymaking.

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DIRECT-SEEDED RICE (DSR): MEANING, FEATURES, SIGNIFICANCE, CHALLENGES, WAY FORWARD

Direct-Seeded Rice (DSR) replaces water-intensive transplanting with direct sowing, saving up to 35% water and cutting labour costs and methane emissions. Despite weed management challenges, non-GM herbicide-tolerant varieties and state subsidies make DSR crucial for India's climate resilience.

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GLOBAL AI GOVERNANCE DEBATE: RISKS, CHALLENGES, AND FRAMEWORKS

Unchecked artificial intelligence progress poses catastrophic global risks, exacerbating inequality and cyber threats. This necessitates robust, human-centric global AI governance, institutional regulatory frameworks, international treaties, and stringent hardware verification mechanisms to balance rapid technological innovation with global safety and ethics.

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GLOBAL MARINE HEATWAVES: EMERGING OCEANIC CLIMATE CRISIS

Marine heatwaves are prolonged periods of extreme ocean temperatures driven by anthropogenic global warming and phenomena like El Niño. They threaten marine biodiversity, supercharge tropical cyclones, disrupt global food security, and demand urgent climate adaptation and mitigation strategies.

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SOUTH-NORTH COMMISSION ON DEVELOPMENT: GLOBAL COOPERATION FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

The newly launched South-North Commission on Development aims to reform global governance, addressing inequalities in climate finance, trade, and debt. Co-chaired by Olaf Scholz and Laura Chinchilla, the 20-member body emphasizes equal Global South representation to redefine international cooperation.

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SPACE ONCOLOGY: CAN MICROGRAVITY REVOLUTIONISE CANCER TREATMENT?

Space oncology utilizes microgravity to study cancer biology, enabling faster tumor modelling and drug discovery. By forming 3D cell cultures in space, scientists develop superior treatments, like FDA-approved pembrolizumab, revolutionising global healthcare.

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INDIA-JAPAN SPECIAL STRATEGIC AND GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP

The 16th India-Japan Annual Summit reinforces the Special Strategic and Global Partnership. It focuses on defense co-development (UNICORN), semiconductor supply chains, artificial intelligence integration, and a unified Free and Open Indo-Pacific vision to counter regional volatility and economic weaponization.

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VIKRAM-1: INDIA'S FIRST PRIVATELY DEVELOPED ORBITAL ROCKET

Vikram-1, developed by Skyroot Aerospace, is India's first privately built orbital rocket. Launching in 2026, it showcases indigenous 3D-printed engines and carbon-composite structures. This milestone highlights India's accelerating space commercialisation, supported by reforms like the Indian Space Policy 2023.

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A UNIFIED POLICY ARCHITECTURE FOR INDIA’S ENERGY FUTURE

India's fragmented energy sector requires a unified policy architecture. The INSA proposes a four-pillar framework—adequacy, access, affordability, and appropriate sustainability—to ensure energy security, drastically reduce import dependence, and achieve net-zero emissions by 2070 while sustaining rapid economic growth.

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INDIA–SAUDI ARABIA WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PACT: FEATURES, SIGNIFICANCE

India and Saudi Arabia signed an MoU during Saudi Water Week in Jeddah to strengthen collaboration in water conservation, irrigation, and sustainable management. This agreement enhances long-term water security and deepens the strategic partnership between the two nations.

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