UPSC current affairs

DRAFT NATIONAL HEALTH RESEARCH POLICY 2026

The Draft National Health Research Policy 2026 establishes a unified framework to transform India's medical research. It targets increasing public investment to 0.15% of GDP, enhancing disease-burden aligned indigenous innovation, and implementing a three-tier governance ecosystem for public health.

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PARIVARTAN SCHEME: ACCELERATING CLEAN URBAN MOBILITY AND EMISSION REDUCTION IN NCR

The PARIVARTAN Scheme, approved by MoHUA, accelerates the replacement of old, polluting commercial vehicles in the Delhi-NCR with BS-VI or electric vehicles. Backed by a ₹9,585 crore outlay, it provides tax waivers, subsidies, and OEM discounts to improve air quality.

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DRAFT CORPORATE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY (CAFE-III) NORMS

The draft CAFE-III norms aim to drastically reduce vehicular carbon emissions in India by enforcing stricter fleet-average fuel efficiency targets between 2027 and 2032. The framework offers regulatory super credits for zero-emission vehicles, ethanol, and biofuels to accelerate clean mobility

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INDIA'S FIRST HYDROGEN-POWERED TRAIN: NAMO GREEN RAIL

India launches its first indigenous hydrogen-powered train on the Jind-Sonipat route, advancing the National Green Hydrogen Mission. Generating onboard electricity via fuel cells emitting only water vapour, this 10-coach train accelerates Indian Railways' transition towards net-zero carbon emissions.

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INDIA-PAKISTAN DIPLOMATIC ENGAGEMENT: STRATEGIC DEBATE AND POLICY FRAMEWORK

India and Pakistan are exploring Track-II dialogues, spurred by a joint peace appeal from eminent citizens. However, official bilateral talks remain suspended since 2016, with India maintaining that terror and dialogue cannot proceed together.

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REGULATING SOCIAL MEDIA ACCESS FOR MINORS

To protect minors from severe digital addiction, cyberbullying, and mental health risks, India is exploring social media regulations. Experts argue against ineffective blanket bans, advocating instead for graded restrictions, strict age checks, robust platform governance, and comprehensive digital literacy programs.

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SHYAMA PRASAD MOOKERJEE LEGACY

Dr. Shyama Prasad Mookerjee drives India's national integration, pioneers critical educational reforms, and lays robust industrial foundations. His relentless opposition to Article 370 and formation of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh permanently shapes modern Indian political thought and constitutional governance.

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ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL IMPACT OF WHITE GUT DISEASE

White Gut Disease severely threatens lucrative Vannamei shrimp farming, causing massive crop losses and economic distress. Tackling this silent epidemic requires strict biosecurity, bioremediation, and robust policy interventions under frameworks like PMMSY to safeguard seafood export targets.

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PERFORMANCE GRADING INDEX (PGI): OUTCOMES AND GOVERNANCE

The Performance Grading Index (PGI) 2.0, released by the Ministry of Education, assesses state and district-level school education. By evaluating 70 indicators, it promotes competitive federalism, highlights infrastructure improvements, and identifies crucial learning outcome gaps to guide evidence-based policymaking.

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DIRECT-SEEDED RICE (DSR): MEANING, FEATURES, SIGNIFICANCE, CHALLENGES, WAY FORWARD

Direct-Seeded Rice (DSR) replaces water-intensive transplanting with direct sowing, saving up to 35% water and cutting labour costs and methane emissions. Despite weed management challenges, non-GM herbicide-tolerant varieties and state subsidies make DSR crucial for India's climate resilience.

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GLOBAL AI GOVERNANCE DEBATE: RISKS, CHALLENGES, AND FRAMEWORKS

Unchecked artificial intelligence progress poses catastrophic global risks, exacerbating inequality and cyber threats. This necessitates robust, human-centric global AI governance, institutional regulatory frameworks, international treaties, and stringent hardware verification mechanisms to balance rapid technological innovation with global safety and ethics.

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GLOBAL MARINE HEATWAVES: EMERGING OCEANIC CLIMATE CRISIS

Marine heatwaves are prolonged periods of extreme ocean temperatures driven by anthropogenic global warming and phenomena like El Niño. They threaten marine biodiversity, supercharge tropical cyclones, disrupt global food security, and demand urgent climate adaptation and mitigation strategies.

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