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Indian Economy

UNDER SEA CABLES : VULNERABILITIES & THE WAY FORWARD

Undersea cables, crucial for the global digital economy, pose a significant strategic vulnerability for India, particularly with Mumbai and Chennai landing stations. The recent Red Sea cable cuts highlight geopolitical and physical risks. To ensure resilience, strategic diversification of landing sites, simplified regulations, and indigenous repair capabilities are essential.

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CHALLENGES FOR FERTILIZER SECTOR

India's fertilizer sector faces challenges like import reliance, geopolitical conflicts, and environmental issues. The government has implemented initiatives like NBS, urea plant revival, and PM-PRANAM Scheme, but limited R&D investment hinders innovation. Reforms should focus on eco-friendly fertilizers, organic and bio-fertilizers, integrated nutrient management strategies, domestic production capacities, and R&D.

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SAMUDRAYAAN MISSION: SIGNIFICANCE, CHALLENGES, WAY FORWARD

Samudrayaan Mission, part of India's Deep Ocean Mission, aim to send three individuals to 6,000 meters in a submersible developed by NIOT, Chennai. The mission's objectives are to explore and sustainably utilize deep-sea resources like polymetallic nodules, gas hydrates, and cobalt crusts, boosting 'Blue Economy' and enhancing technological capabilities.

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COMPENSATION FOR STATES FOR REVENUE LOSS FROM GST REFORMS

The GST Compensation Cess is an additional tax levied on specific goods and services to compensate states for revenue losses incurred due to the implementation of GST. It was introduced because GST is a consumption-based tax, causing manufacturing states to lose revenue. Initially for five years, its collection has been extended to March 31, 2026.

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H-1B VISA CHALLENGES FOR INDIA

The H-1B visa program facing challenges due to the shift from a lottery-based system to a wage-based model, driven by "America First" sentiments. This could accelerate India's brain drain but also spur domestic innovation and localized business models. The debate calls for strategic policy responses to protect the diaspora and leverage skilled workforce for national development.

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PM SVANIDHI SCHEME: SIGNIFICANCE, CHALLENGES, WAY FORWARD

PM SVANidhi scheme, launched in 2020, offers collateral-free working capital loans to street vendors to restart and expand their businesses. Recently extended until March 31, 2030, with enhanced loan amounts and new features like UPI-linked RuPay Credit Cards, the scheme significantly improves vendors' socio-economic status and promotes self-reliance.

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U.S. TARIFFS IMPACT WOMEN IN LABOUR-INTENSIVE SECTORS

The US tariffs on Indian goods are causing a decline in export orders, particularly in labour-intensive sectors like textiles, apparel, and handicrafts. This threatens the livelihoods of millions of women, especially in the informal sector, who lack social security. To counter this, India's government is focusing on market diversification, FTAs, and strengthening domestic manufacturing.

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AI IN BANKING SECTOR: SIGNIFICANCE, CHALLENGES, WAY FORWARD

Artificial Intelligence is revolutionizing the Banking Sector by improving efficiency, security, and customer experience. However, challenges like high implementation costs, data privacy concerns, and skilled workforce shortages persist. The RBI emphasizes a balanced approach, including a robust regulatory framework and financial inclusion, to ensure successful AI adoption in banking.

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TARIFFS AND THE US ECONOMY: IMPACT ON INDIA AND WAY FORWARD

The US's "Trumponomics" strategy, which includes tariffs, has significantly impacted the global economy, triggering trade wars and disrupting supply chains. India faces both challenges like potential export losses and currency devaluation, and opportunities to reposition itself in the global market. A strategic response focusing on diversification and competitiveness is crucial.

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REGIONAL INDUSTRIAL GROWTH: CHALLENGES and WAY FORWARD

 India's regional industrial growth is influenced by historical legacies, geographical constraints, and policy choices. To promote balanced development, India is focusing on initiatives like 'Make in India' and industrial corridors, addressing infrastructure deficits, promoting skill development, and ensuring effective Centre-state cooperation.

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PRODUCTION-LINKED INCENTIVE (PLI) SCHEME: FEATURES, SUCCESS, CHALLENGES, WAY FORWARD

The Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme is a strategic economic plan aiming to transform India into a global manufacturing hub. It encourages large-scale investment, boosts exports, and creates jobs. Despite facing implementation challenges, its sectoral approach and performance-based design are crucial for its potential success.

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INDIA’s S&P RATING UPGRADE: MEANING, OPPORTUNITY AND WAY FORWARD

S&P Global Ratings has upgraded India's sovereign rating from 'BBB-' to 'BBB', marking the first upgrade in 18 years. The upgrade reflects India's strong economic fundamentals, including high GDP growth, fiscal consolidation, and RBI inflation management, aiming to lower borrowing costs and attract foreign capital inflows.

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