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GS Paper 3

H-1B VISA CHALLENGES FOR INDIA

The H-1B visa program facing challenges due to the shift from a lottery-based system to a wage-based model, driven by "America First" sentiments. This could accelerate India's brain drain but also spur domestic innovation and localized business models. The debate calls for strategic policy responses to protect the diaspora and leverage skilled workforce for national development.

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TARIFFS AND THE US ECONOMY: IMPACT ON INDIA AND WAY FORWARD

The US's "Trumponomics" strategy, which includes tariffs, has significantly impacted the global economy, triggering trade wars and disrupting supply chains. India faces both challenges like potential export losses and currency devaluation, and opportunities to reposition itself in the global market. A strategic response focusing on diversification and competitiveness is crucial.

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ONLINE GAMING REGULATION: CHALLENGES AND WAY FORWARD

The Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Bill, 2025, proposes a ban on online money games, including skill-based ones like fantasy sports, to combat addiction, financial losses, and illicit activities. However, it also raises concerns about job losses and the rise of the illegal betting market, highlighting constitutional ambiguities.

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MSME SECTOR: SIGNIFICANCE, CHALLENGES AND WAY FORWARD

The MSME sector is the backbone of the Indian economy, driving employment, innovation, and exports, but faces challenges related to credit access, technology adoption, and skilled workforce, requiring continued government support and focus on digitalization and sustainability for resilient growth. 

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INDIA-CHINA RELATIONS: CHALLENGES, WAY FORWARD

India-China relations are at a critical juncture, marked by a post-Galwan trust deficit, persistent border disputes, and trade imbalance. To navigate this, India must strengthen border infrastructure, diversify supply chains, and engage in assertive diplomacy. A strategic and patient approach is essential to safeguard national interests.

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TRACERS MISSION: UNLOCKING SPACE WEATHER SECRETS

NASA's TRACERS mission aims to study Sun-Earth interactions, improve space weather prediction, and protect global infrastructure. The mission focuses on examining key phenomena like magnetic reconnection and cusp electrodynamics. Space weather affects life on Earth through power grids, satellite operations, communication, and human health, as strong solar storms can damage satellites and disrupt navigation.

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MANGROVES ROLE IN MITIGATING CLIMATE RISK: EXPLAINED

Dr. M.S. Swaminathan recognized the value of mangroves and co-founded the International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems. He established Mangrove Genetic Resource Centres in nine countries, including India, to protect and restore them. Challenges include deforestation, pollution, and climate change impacts. Future steps include strengthening community participation, strict enforcement of laws, investing in scientific research.

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