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GS Paper 3

AGRI-PHOTOVOLTAICS (AGRIPV): CHALLENGES, BENEFITS, AND WAY FORWARD

Agri-Photovoltaics resolves India's land-use conflicts by combining solar power with farming. By turning farmers into Urjadatas, this model boosts rural income and water security. Scaling through PM-KUSUM 2.0 and VGF is vital for achieving India’s 2030 clean energy and food targets. 

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GOVT ASKS WHATSAPP TO BLOCK DEVICE IDS USED IN DIGITAL ARREST SCAMS

To combat transnational cyber-extortion, the Ministry of Home Affairs is mandating hardware-level fixes like device ID blocking and SIM binding on OTT platforms. This proactive shift, alongside strict KYC norms, aims to dismantle mule account networks and ensure corporate accountability.

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BHARAT AUDYOGIK VIKAS YOJNA (BHAVYA) EXPLAINED

BHAVYA is a ₹33,660 crore initiative establishing 100 plug-and-play industrial parks to boost manufacturing. By leveraging PM GatiShakti and competitive federalism, it streamlines land acquisition and attracts FDI. Its success depends on state-level reforms and workforce upskilling for Viksit Bharat 2047

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NavIC Satellite Loses its Atomic Clock

Technical failures in atomic clocks and satellite losses have reduced NavIC's operational capacity to three satellites. This bottleneck challenges India's strategic autonomy, yet the system remains vital for disaster management, maritime safety, and regional self-reliance in navigation.

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EXTREME HEAT LIMITS DAILY ACTIVITY IN INDIA

A recent study finds India facing the world’s worst livability limits from extreme heat, especially in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Vulnerable groups, agriculture, and construction suffer most. Weakly implemented Heat Action Plans need stronger funding, climate-resilient infrastructure, and focused protection for vulnerable populations.

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FISCAL HEALTH INDEX 2026 BY NITI AAYOG

 NITI Aayog’s Fiscal Health Index 2026 assesses states’ finances, grouping them as Achievers or Aspirational. It warns that weak revenue mobilisation, rising committed expenditure, and poor transparency threaten stability. Examples like Odisha’s improvement and Punjab’s stress highlight the need for fiscal discipline and FRBM adherence.

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James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Discovers 'Monster Stars'

Launched in 2021, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is the world's most powerful infrared observatory. It peers through cosmic dust to study the first stars, ancient galaxies, and exoplanet atmospheres, revealing the 13.5-billion-year history of the universe. 

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UN REPORT: STATE OF THE WORLD’S MIGRATORY SPECIES

A new UN report warns that 49% of migratory species protected under the CMS are declining and 24% face extinction. Major threats include overexploitation, habitat loss, and Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1), highlighting the urgent need for stronger global conservation cooperation.

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GHG EMISSIONS REACHED ALL-TIME HIGH IN 2025

The Climate TRACE 2025 report shows global emissions reached a record 60.63 BtCO₂e, mainly from fossil fuels and methane. Power-sector emissions slightly declined. India recorded the largest reduction among major economies, reflecting renewable expansion and partial decoupling of economic growth from power-sector emissions.

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FARM LOAN WAIVERS: IMPACT ON ECONOMY, CREDIT CULTURE & SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVES

Farm loan waivers provide short-term relief to indebted farmers but create long-term problems. They strain government finances, weaken credit discipline, and often exclude farmers dependent on informal loans. Sustainable solutions require structural reforms, stronger agricultural infrastructure, and direct income support schemes like PM-KISAN.

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INDIAN CITIES DID NOT MEET AIR QUALITY STANDARDS

A CREA analysis shows 85% of 238 Indian cities exceed national PM2.5 limits, with none meeting WHO standards. The Indo-Gangetic Plain remains the worst affected. Pollution from vehicles, industry, and agriculture harms health and costs 1.36% of GDP, demanding stronger regional airshed-based management.

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BIOPHARMA SHAKTI MISSION EXPLAINED

India launched a ₹13,000-crore initiative, including the BioPharma SHAKTI Mission and three chemical parks, to shift from generic drugs to high-value biologics and specialty chemicals. It targets the $300-billion biosimilars market, boosts R&D and regulation via CDSCO, reduces import dependence, and requires coordinated government action.

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