Early childhood care and development, especially during the first 3,000 days of life, is crucial for building strong human capital. While India has improved child survival through health and nutrition programmes, holistic development covering cognitive, emotional and social aspects remains underemphasised. Global evidence shows that early investment yields the highest economic and social returns. A universal, integrated and citizen-led ECCD approach is essential for achieving inclusive growth and the vision of Viksit Bharat.
Click to View MoreThe Supreme Court ruled that Tiger Global’s gains from selling its Flipkart stake are taxable in India, applying GAAR and the substance-over-form principle. The verdict denies treaty benefits to sham structures, strengthens India’s anti–tax avoidance stance, and underscores the need to balance tax sovereignty with investor confidence.
Click to View MoreIndia has emerged as the world’s largest rice producer due to assured MSP procurement, expanding cultivation area and strong export demand. However, excessive dependence on paddy has led to water stress, high fiscal costs, surplus stocks and poor crop diversification, making a shift toward pulses, oilseeds and millets essential for sustainable and nutrition-secure agriculture.
Click to View MoreThe Export Preparedness Index (EPI) 2024, released by NITI Aayog, provides a comprehensive assessment of the export readiness of Indian States and Union Territories by evaluating infrastructure, business ecosystem, policy and governance, and export performance. With a stronger focus on districts, MSMEs, human capital, and cost competitiveness, the index identifies key challenges and policy priorities, promotes cooperative federalism, and supports India’s long-term goal of achieving sustained, inclusive, and globally competitive export growth.
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India’s rice exports rebounded strongly in 2025 after the lifting of export restrictions, rising nearly 20% to around 21.55 million tonnes, close to a historic high. Non-basmati rice led the surge due to strong demand from Asia and Africa, while basmati exports reached a record level driven by premium markets in West Asia and Europe. Competitive pricing and ample domestic production helped India regain global market share, lower international rice prices, and strengthen its role in global food security, even as challenges of domestic price stability and sustainability remain.
Click to View MoreDe-dollarisation is accelerating as U.S. sanctions and a shifting global balance push countries to diversify reserves, adopt local-currency trade, and build alternatives to SWIFT. Despite the dollar’s dominance, a multipolar currency system is emerging, offering India a strategic chance to internationalise the rupee.
Click to View MoreIndia’s GDP growth, driven by public capex and services, masks weak private consumption, rising inequality, and agrarian stagnation. Overreliance on state spending is unsustainable. Inclusive growth needs revived household demand, private investment, labor-intensive sectors, and stronger human capital.
Click to View MoreIndia is prioritizing the development of domestic rare-earth permanent magnet (REPM) manufacturing to reduce import dependence, secure supplies of critical minerals, and support clean-energy, electric mobility, electronics, and defence sectors. The initiative aligns with national strategies such as the National Critical Minerals Mission and recent mining-policy reforms that promote exploration, processing, and private participation. Alongside international partnerships and resource acquisition efforts through KABIL, strengthening REPM capacity positions India to build resilient supply chains, advance self-reliance, and integrate more strongly into global value chains for advanced materials.
Click to View MoreIndia’s crude oil basket has evolved from dominant dependence on West Asia to a more diversified mix, influenced by geopolitics, sanctions, price dynamics, and refinery flexibility. The decline of Iranian supplies due to sanctions, the rise of U.S. and African crude, and especially the rapid increase in discounted Russian oil since 2022 have reshaped India’s sourcing pattern. Today, India imports nearly 85% of its crude requirement, with Russia emerging as a leading supplier alongside Middle Eastern producers, reflecting a strategy focused on cost efficiency, energy security, and diplomatic balancing.
Click to View MoreThe manufacturing sector plays a crucial role in India’s economic development by generating large-scale employment, boosting GDP growth, and driving structural transformation from agriculture to industry. However, its performance has remained below potential, with the sector contributing only about 15–17% of GDP and around 11–12% of total employment. Constraints such as high logistics costs, infrastructure gaps, low R&D spending, skill mismatches, regulatory complexity, and dominance of informal enterprises have slowed progress. Government initiatives including Make in India, Production Linked Incentive schemes, PM Gati Shakti, Atmanirbhar Bharat, and Skill India aim to raise competitiveness, enhance domestic value addition, and integrate India more deeply into global value chains. Overall, manufacturing remains central to India’s growth strategy, but sustained reforms and investment are needed to fully realise its potential.
Click to View MoreIndustrial parks are planned industrial ecosystems that provide serviced land, shared infrastructure, and simplified governance to accelerate manufacturing growth in India. Backed by initiatives such as plug-and-play parks, the India Industrial Land Bank, industrial corridors, and the Industrial Park Rating System, they play a crucial role in attracting investment, generating employment, promoting sustainability, and strengthening India’s integration into global value chains, while also requiring continuous upgrades to address infrastructure gaps, regional imbalances, and environmental challenges.
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The Securities Markets Code, 2025 seeks to modernise India’s capital market regulation by consolidating the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956, the SEBI Act, 1992, and the Depositories Act, 1996 into a single, principle-based framework. The Code strengthens the regulatory role of Securities and Exchange Board of India, decriminalises minor procedural violations, enhances investor protection through a statutory Investor Charter and Ombudsperson, and improves oversight of market infrastructure institutions. By reducing regulatory fragmentation and aligning with global best practices, the Code aims to boost investor confidence, ease compliance, deepen capital markets, and support India’s long-term economic growth.
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