Lunar eclipse
Context: The lunar eclipse on May 26 is going to be the first lunar eclipse of 2021, and also a supermoon and a red blood moon.
- Combined to be called the super “blood” moon, it will be visible across the Pacific, as well as the western half of North America, bottom of South America and eastern Asia.
- Only in some parts of West Bengal, some coastal parts of Odisha and Andaman & Nicobar Islands a partial eclipse will be visible.
What is a total lunar eclipse?
- A lunar eclipse occurs when the moon passes directly behind the earth into its shadow.
- The earth, sun and the moon are either closely or perfectly aligned, with the earth in the middle.
- The earth’s shadow blocks sunlight from reflecting off the moon, thus resulting in an eclipse – partial or total.
- As the earth’s shadow (umbra) completely covers the moon. This can happen only when the sun, the earth and the moon are perfectly aligned.
- Anything less than perfection will create a partial lunar eclipse or no eclipse at all.
- An eclipse does not appear every full moon because the orbit of the moon (around the earth) lies in a different plane than that of the earth (around the sun).
When does a supermoon occur?
- The moon’s orbit around the earth is distinctly elliptical.
- The point when the moon is closest to the earth is called Perigee and the point when it is farthest from it is called Apogee.
- When a full moon occurs at its perigee, it is called a supermoon.
- It is a rare event, as it has to satisfy two conditions – the moon must be closest to the earth and it should be a full moon.
- At this point, the moon is observed to be 30% brighter and appears 14% larger.
What’s Blood Moon?
- During totality, the moon may turn red or coppery.
- This happens because some light from the sun passes through earth's atmosphere and is bent towards the moon.
- While other colours in the spectrum are blocked and scattered by the atmosphere, red makes it through. And people call it blood moon.
Why does the moon look red?
- When the Moon is completely covered by Earth's shadow it will darken, but doesn't go completely black.
- Instead, it takes on a red color, which is why total lunar eclipses are sometimes called red or blood moons.
- Sunlight contains all colors of visible light. The particles of gas that make up Earth's atmosphere are more likely to scatter blue wavelengths of light while redder wavelengths pass through.
- This is called Rayleigh scattering, and it's why the sky is blue and sunrises and sunsets are often red.
- In the case of a lunar eclipse, red light can pass through the Earth's atmosphere and is refracted – or bent – toward the Moon, while blue light is filtered out. This leaves the moon with a pale reddish hue during an eclipse.
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