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UPSC GS Paper 3 environment

TADOBA-ANDHARI MODEL: BALANCING RISING WILDLIFE POPULATIONS WITH HUMAN SAFETY

Tiger population growth has increased conflicts, necessitating sustainable coexistence. The Tadoba-Andhari model mitigates this through financial decentralization, community revenue-sharing, and alternative livelihoods. Scaling such frameworks balances biodiversity with socio-economic needs via rapid compensation.

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CALAMARIA GAROENSIS: DISCOVERY OF A NEW REED SNAKE SPECIES

Researchers recently identified Calamaria garoensis, a new species of non-venomous burrowing reed snake in Meghalaya's West Garo Hills. It features unique longitudinal stripes and 13 rows of smooth scales. 

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CORPORATE AVERAGE FUEL EFFICIENCY (CAFE) NORMS EXPLAINED

CAFE standards mandate that a manufacturer's annual fleet-wide fuel consumption stays below specified limits. Aimed at reducing carbon footprints, these regulations penalize automakers whose total sales exceed CO2 targets, incentivizing the production of fuel-efficient internal combustion and electric vehicles.

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INDIA RANKS 3RD GLOBALLY IN RENEWABLE ENERGY

India ranks third globally with 283.5 GW of renewable capacity, exceeding Brazil. Driven by 'Panchamrit' goals and record FY26 growth, the transition boosts energy security. Success now depends on scaling BESS, fixing DISCOM finances, and resolving grid instability and supply chain gaps.

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CLIMATE CHANGE AS A PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCY: CHALLENGES, POLICIES, AND WAY FORWARD

Climate change is a public health emergency. While India leads in renewables, policy must shift from mitigation to urgent adaptation. Prioritising vulnerable health, non-debt finance, and resilient infrastructure is vital to secure a liveable future before the window closes.

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OYSTER REEFS: NATURE-BASED SOLUTION TO COASTAL EROSION

Oyster reefs are vital "ecosystem engineers" for India’s climate resilience, providing storm buffering and carbon sequestration. Protecting them from illegal mining through CRZ-1A status and ICZM integration is essential to secure coastlines and boost the Blue Economy.

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BUMBLEBEES: FEATURES, HABITATES, IUCN STATUS

Bumblebees are social pollinators known for their distinctive buzz and fuzzy bodies. Beyond their role in crop pollination, recent research shows they possess a rare rhythmic intelligence, allowing them to recognize and adapt to musical patterns across various tempos.

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