Operation Sindoor

INDIA–CHINA RELATIONS IMPROVED: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS

India and China are normalizing diplomatic and economic ties following border disengagements at Depsang and Demchok. Key milestones include the 35th WMCC meeting, high-level SCO and BRICS summits, and India's amended Press Note 3 allowing calibrated Chinese investments

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S-400 AIR DEFENCE SYSTEM

The S-400 Triumf, recently inducted as 'Sudarshan Chakra', is Russia's advanced surface-to-air missile system. With a 400km engagement range, it secures India against two-front threats, dominating Pakistani airspace while integrating seamlessly into India's indigenous multi-layered air defence architecture.

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INDIA-CYPRUS STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP

India and Cyprus elevated bilateral ties to a Strategic Partnership. Key agreements emphasized defence exports, UPI-TIPS fintech integration, counter-terrorism, and maritime trade expansion via IMEC, firmly positioning Cyprus as India's strategic gateway to Europe.

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OPERATION SINDOOR AND INDIA'S EVOLVING SECURITY DOCTRINE

Operation Sindoor marked a strategic shift in India’s defense doctrine towards punitive deterrence. Triggered by the 2025 Pahalgam attack, India executed precision strikes and suspended the Indus Waters Treaty, establishing a new regional deterrence and security normal.

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SIPRI TRENDS IN WORLD MILITARY EXPENDITURE 2025

The 2026 SIPRI report highlights global spending reaching $2.9 trillion, with India’s ₹7.85 lakh crore budget focusing on Atmanirbhar Bharat, prioritizing indigenization and strategic export diversification.

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MISSION SUDARSHAN CHAKRA : STRENGTHENING AIR DEFENCE

Mission Sudarshan Chakra is a 10-year strategic initiative to build an indigenous national defence shield. Guided by a high-level committee, it integrates technologies like ‘Akashteer,’ enhancing offensive and defensive capabilities to safeguard India from aerial and unconventional threats effectively.

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