international relations

KUALA LUMPUR DECLARATION ADOPTED BY THE EAST ASIA SUMMIT

The Kuala Lumpur Declaration (2025), adopted at the 20th East Asia Summit by 18 nations, reaffirms commitment to regional peace, stability, ASEAN Centrality, a rules-based order, and multilateralism, aligning with India's Act East policy for a secure Indo-Pacific.

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INDIA-ASEAN RELATIONS : STATUS, CHALLENGES WAY FORWARD

India and ASEAN share a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership central to India’s Act East Policy and Indo-Pacific vision. Focused on connectivity, maritime security, and trade, it faces challenges from China’s assertiveness and project delays. Strengthening digital, maritime, and supply chain cooperation is key to regional stability and growth.

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20TH EAST ASIA SUMMIT IN KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA

The 20th East Asia Summit in Kuala Lumpur offers India a platform to advance its Act East Policy and Indo-Pacific vision. By supporting ASEAN Centrality and maritime security under UNCLOS, India seeks stronger economic, digital, and security cooperation amid rising geopolitical tensions and supply chain challenges.

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INDIA-JAPAN RELATIONS: STATUS, CHALLENGES, WAY FORWARD

India and Japan’s “Special Strategic and Global Partnership” is deepening under the Takaichi government, aligned on a Free and Open Indo-Pacific and countering China. Japan plans a 5 trillion JPY investment, with focus on security (ACSA), supply chains (SCRI), critical technologies, and skilled workforce mobilit

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UN REPORT ON WOMEN, PEACE AND SECURITY

The 2025 UN report on Women, Peace, and Security shows conflicts at their highest since 1946, with soaring female casualties and exclusions from peace talks. It condemns rising military spending and urges urgent action to protect and empower women in peacebuilding efforts.

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RISE OF THE NEW PEACEMAKERS: INDIA AND THE CHANGING ARCHITECTURE OF GLOBAL PEACE

India is emerging as a key global peacemaker by combining cultural values, strategic autonomy, and proactive diplomacy. Through peacekeeping, humanitarian aid, and leadership in global governance reform, India promotes a balanced, multipolar world rooted in cooperation, inclusivity, and sustainable development.

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BANGLADESH JULY CHARTER 2025 DETAILS

The July Charter aims to create a "New Bangladesh" free from discrimination and authoritarianism after a student uprising. Key goals include constitutional and judicial reforms, repealing oppressive laws, and establishing a democratic, accountable government for national stability.

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INDIA–BRAZIL RELATION: STATUS, SIGNIFICANCE, CHALLENGES, WAY FORWARD

India and Brazil’s strategic partnership strengthens South-South cooperation through defense, space, and trade collaboration. Targeting $20 billion bilateral trade by 2030 via the India-Mercosur PTA, both nations pursue balanced growth, multilateral engagement, and diversified sectors to build a resilient, future-oriented, and mutually beneficial relationship.

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INDIA MONGOLIA RELATION: STATUS, SIGNIFICANCE, CHALLENGES, WAY FORWARD

India and Mongolia mark 70 years of diplomatic ties built on Democracy, Dharma, and Development. Their Strategic Partnership deepens through defence drills, India’s $1.7 billion refinery project, and mutual UN support, advancing India’s Act East and Mongolia’s Third Neighbour policies for a balanced Indo-Pacific.

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WHAT IS MECCA CHARTER? EXPLAINED

Over 1,200 Islamic scholars endorsed the 2019 Mecca Charter, promoting a moderate Islam. It rejects extremism, condemns terrorism, supports women’s empowerment, environmental protection, and national loyalty, reinforcing India’s secular, pluralistic values and fostering communal harmony and national integration.

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ISRAEL–HAMAS CEASEFIRE ANNOUNCED

The Israel–Hamas conflict shows how local wars create global shocks—disrupting trade routes, energy flows, and supply chains. For India, stability in West Asia is vital for economic security and strategic balance. In today’s world, diplomacy protects not just borders but also commerce, energy, and national resilience.

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INDIA-AUSTRALIA RELATIONS: SIGNIFICANCE, CHALLENGES, WAY FORWARD

India–Australia relations in 2025 reflect growing strategic trust and operational cooperation across trade, defence, and technology. With ECTA, defence pacts, and industrial collaboration delivering results, both nations must now address trade imbalances and capacity gaps to consolidate gains and emerge as a stabilising force in the Indo-Pacific.

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