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GS Paper 2 Polity

RISING COST OF INDIAN ELECTIONS: REASON, IMPACT, CHALLENGES, WAY FORWARD

The 2024 elections saw a record ₹1.35 lakh crore spend, signaling a shift toward plutocracy. With 93% of MPs being "crorepatis," rising costs sideline ordinary citizens. Structural reforms, like spending caps and state funding, are essential to safeguard democratic integrity.

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TELANGANA’S HATE SPEECH AND HATE CRIMES (PREVENTION) BILL 2026

The Telangana Hate Speech and Hate Crimes (Prevention) Bill, 2026, establishes a stringent legal framework for cognizable and non-bailable offences, carrying penalties of up to 10 years imprisonment for repeat offenders

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AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT COUNCILS: POWERS, PROBLEMS, AND WAY FORWARD

The Sixth Schedule’s Autonomous District Councils aim to protect tribal autonomy in Northeast India. However, the GHADC controversy over restricting non-tribals from elections highlights tensions between safeguarding tribal identity and ensuring democratic rights, exposing governance, financial, and accountability challenges that demand urgent institutional reforms.

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KERALA NATIVITY CARD BILL EXPLAINED

The Kerala Nativity Card Bill, 2026 proposes a permanent identity card for residents to streamline welfare delivery and administration. However, it raises concerns about compatibility with India’s single citizenship principle, federal boundaries, migrant exclusion, and data privacy, making constitutional validity and inclusivity crucial for its success.

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