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Context :

• A recent study by UK scientists has challenged the long held belief that paleognath birds such as emus and rheas are not very intelligent.
• The study shows that these birds are not as "stupid" as previously believed by us.

What are Palaeognath Birds?

Paleognath birds are a group of flightless birds with certain distinctive features in their palate morphology (structure of the palate). This is is why they are named Palaeognathae (meaning "old jaw").

1. Classification:
   • These birds are catagorised into 2 groups:
     • Tinamiformes: Birds in this group have a keeled sternum (a breastbone with a keel).
       • It allows them to fly, although weakly.
       • Examples : Tinamous found in South & Central America.
     • Ratitae (Ratite birds): These birds have a flat sternum & reduced wings. This makes them flightless.
     • Examples of ratite birds :
       • African Ostrich
       • Rhea (South America)
       • Australian Emu
       • New Guinea Cassowary
       • Kiwi (New Zealand)

2. Distinctive Characteristics:
   • Size and Weight: Palaeognath Birds are the largest & heaviest birds on Earth.
   • Evolution: They are believed to be among the first birds to evolve from dinosaurs.

What is the conservation status of Palaeognathae birds?

• The conservation status of Palaeognathae is not clear.
• Some species of tinamous are threatened by deforestation, urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural expansion.
• They are also hunted excessively.
• The IUCN classifies the solitary tinamou as a Near Threatened species.

Source: DTE