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Context:

Scientists in Brazil discovered an ultrablack velvet ant species, Trauma mutilla bifurca, with light-absorbing pigmentation. This rare feature unique among Hymenoptera raises questions about its evolutionary purpose and defense mechanisms, sparking scientific curiosity.

About the Brazilian Velvet Ant

• Velvet ants are a group of parasitic wasps well known for a suite of defensive adaptations including bright coloration and a formidable sting.
• Appearance: They are wasps, some of which are wingless and are named in part for their exterior. The velvet ant is known for its distinctive black and white markings.
• Habitat: Found in the bush desert in Brazil called Caatinga.

Characteristics

• Taxonomy: Velvet ants are not "ants", they are a species of wasp in the family Mutillidae.
  • • The velvet beetle belongs to the Hymenoptera order, including bees and other wasps.
    • Some species, such as Traumatomutilla bifurca (Brazilian velvet ant), show distinct black and white markings that make them visually striking in tropical savannas and dry scrub deserts.
• Ultrablack Trait: Female velvet ants exhibit an ultra-black color first observed in Traumatomutilla bifurca that absorbs almost all visible light.
  • • The unique color comes from special microstructures in the exoskeleton that capture light. Ultra-black pigmentation helps with camouflage, temperature regulation, and mates
• Males vs. Females: Only female velvet ants show ultra-black coloration, while males have similar black markings but reflect more light.
• Role in the ecosystem: Serves as a pollinator and contributes to maintaining the ecological balance.
• Evolutionary Significance: The ultra-black trait highlights convergent evolution, where unrelated species develop similar traits.
  • • This adaptation is also seen in rays and deep-sea fish, which helps in camouflage and survival.
• Potential scientific applications: The ultra-black property reveals insight into nanostructures and inspires advances in stealth technology and solar panel efficiency.

Why is this finding unique?

• Ultra-black pigmentation is rare in the animal kingdom.
• Organisms that have it help them hide from predators, regulate body temperature, or even attract mates, as the contrast against brighter colors can be visually appealing.

Source:

INDIAN EXPRESS