UPSC GS Paper 1

Basoda Festival Explained

Ancient festivals like Basoda (Sheetala Ashtami) reflect deep scientific and philosophical wisdom. Eating pre-cooked cold food supports gut health through probiotics and mindful living. These traditions echo Upanishadic values of restraint, generosity, and compassion, showing how cultural practices can address modern lifestyle and health challenges.

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MEGALITHIC CHAMBER FOUND IN KERALA

A 2,000-year-old Megalithic laterite rock-cut burial chamber discovered at Panayal, Kerala reveals South India’s burial traditions, belief in the afterlife, social hierarchy, and engineering skills. Found during construction, it highlights the conflict between development and heritage preservation, stressing scientific excavation, stronger laws, and community participation.

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Discovery of Yadava Dynasty Pillar in Maharashtra

A 12th century Seuna Yadava stone pillar found in Hinganghat, Maharashtra, reflects Hemadpanti architecture and confirms Yadava influence in Vidarbha. The discovery can boost heritage tourism beyond wildlife attractions but exposes preservation gaps, requiring ASI action, community involvement, and integrated policies to safeguard medieval legacy.

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KASHI TAMIL SANGAMAM : REVIVING ANCIENT LINKS FOR NATIONAL INTEGRATION

Kashi Tamil Sangamam 4.0, led by the Education Ministry under Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat, strengthens historic Tamil–Kashi ties. I promote cultural exchange and national unity. New additions include the Learn Tamil campaign to deepen community connect.

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SCHEDULED TRIBE(ST) STATUS : PROCESS, CRITERIA, CHALLENGES, WAY FORWARD

 The process for granting Scheduled Tribe (ST) status in India is a rigorous constitutional procedure. It requires state initiation, central approvals from the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, RGI, and NCST, and a parliamentary act. Outdated 1965 criteria from the Lokur Committee caused delays and controversy, necessitating urgent modernization for equitable and timely recognition.

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SUPREME COURT PARTIALLY STAYS WAQF ACT 2025

The Supreme Court partially stayed key provisions of the Waqf (Amendment) Act, 2025, halting executive overreach and the five-year Islamic practice requirement. The ruling highlights judicial vigilance in upholding constitutional principles, separation of powers, and ensuring legislative reforms comply with the rule of law.

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WHAT IS MANKI-MUNDA SYSTEM? EXPLAINED

The Manki-Munda system, rooted in Ho tribal traditions of Jharkhand’s Kolhan, features hereditary Mundas and Mankis managing disputes and governance. Codified by the British in 1837, it endures today, balancing customary law, tribal identity, and democratic Panchayati Raj institutions.

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INTERNATIONAL MANUSCRIPT HERITAGE CONFERENCE

The Gyan Bharatam Mission, initiated by the Ministry of Culture, aims to digitize over one crore Indian manuscripts using AI and blockchain technologies. This cultural renaissance initiative aims to create a global digital repository for future generations.

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NATIONAL ANNUAL REPORT & INDEX ON WOMEN’S SAFETY (NARI) 2025

The National Annual Report & Index on Women’s Safety (NARI) 2025 has provided a stark, perception-based reality check on urban safety in India. Released by the National Commission for Women (NCW), the report goes beyond traditional crime data to expose the lived experiences of women, revealing a gap between legislative intent and on-the-ground reality.

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KERALA MODEL OF URBANISATION

The Kerala Model of Urbanisation is a successful human-centric development model, characterized by high literacy, social reforms, and significant remittances. It has created a unique urban-rural continuum, overcoming concentrated metropolitan growth issues.  

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Climate Change and Flooding: Extreme Rainfall in Northern India

Climate change is causing extreme floods in Northern India due to warmer atmospheres, intensifying rainfall events and cloudbursts. This crisis highlights the need for climate-resilient disaster management and balancing development with environmental sustainability.

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PARTICULARLY VULNERABLE TRIBAL GROUPS (PVTGs)

Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) face unique challenges like declining populations and economic backwardness. The government is pushing for a separate census enumeration to better implement targeted schemes like PM-JANMAN, aiming to improve their socio-economic condition

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