Import Substitution

Bio-based chemicals and enzymes: Opportunities and challenges

Bio-based chemicals and enzymes are industrial products derived from renewable biological resources such as crops, biomass, and agricultural residues through processes like fermentation and enzymatic conversion. They offer a sustainable alternative to petrochemicals by reducing fossil fuel dependence, lowering carbon emissions, and supporting a circular bioeconomy.

India has strong potential in this sector due to its large agricultural base, established fermentation expertise, and growing manufacturing capacity. The government has prioritised biomanufacturing under the BioE3 policy, and domestic companies are increasingly investing in bio-based production. However, challenges such as higher costs, feedstock supply constraints, limited infrastructure, and slow market adoption need to be addressed.

With appropriate policy support, shared infrastructure, and market incentives, bio-based chemicals and enzymes can strengthen India’s industrial competitiveness, promote agricultural value addition, and contribute to sustainable economic growth.

Electronic components manufacturing scheme

The Electronics Components Manufacturing Scheme (ECMS) is a Government of India initiative aimed at strengthening domestic production of electronic components and sub-assemblies to reduce import dependence and increase value addition within the country. With its outlay enhanced to ₹40,000 crore in the Union Budget 2026–27, the scheme supports investment, technology adoption, and integration into global value chains while complementing broader initiatives like the India Semiconductor Mission. By promoting high-value manufacturing and job creation, ECMS plays a key role in India’s ambition to become a global hub for electronics manufacturing.

GOVERNMENT LAUNCHES NATIONAL PULSES MISSION

The National Pulses Mission (2025–31) drives India toward self-reliance in pulses, boosts food security, and improves farmer welfare. It addresses yield gaps, infrastructure needs, and climate challenges, reducing import dependence. Success requires strong implementation, farmer participation, and sustainable practices, supporting Aatmanirbhar Bharat and national nutritional security.