About 500 days of the Sudan war: UPSC Current Affairs

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SUDAN WAR

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The Sudan war, ongoing for 500+ days has caused massive destruction and displacement.

The war that erupted in April 2023 has had devastating consequences, leading the country into a severe humanitarian and geopolitical crisis.
The seeds of this conflict were sown in 2019 when Sudan's long-time authoritarian president was overthrown following a widespread protest.
- - The transfer of power to a civilian government resulted in a conflict between several groups over power sharing.
More than 25 million people are facing a humanitarian crisis, and nearly 9 million are internally displaced.

●The civil war in Sudan is the result of political instability, ethnic tension and economic challenges.

●The conflict is the outcome of deep-seated political divisions resulting from the colonial past and uneven development post-independence.

●After the end of the authoritarian rule of President Omar Al Bashir in 2019.

The ongoing conflict was triggered by a power struggle between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF).

■SAF is part of the traditional military.

■RSF is a paramilitary force with roots in conflict-ridden regions of Sudan.

●The struggle is for establishing political control and also establishing supremacy over the resource-rich region, particularly gold mines.

●The conflict has affected basic services, leading to a shortage of food, water and medical supplies.

Sudan conflict could spread to its neighbouring states such as Egypt, Ethiopia and Libya due to shared borders and regional instability.
The conflict has already led to significant migration towards Europe. This migration could put pressure on the resources and policies in European countries.
The Swiss Canal, a vital global trade route, could face risk from ongoing conflict, and any disruption could negatively impact global shipping and trading.

It is located in northeastern Africa.
It shares land borders with Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, South Sudan, the Central African Republic, Chad, and Libya.
Sudan's highest peak is the Deriba Caldera in the Marrah Mountains.
The Blue Nile begins at Lake Tana in Ethiopia and flows into Sudan.
Lake Nubia is located on the Sudan-Egyptian border.
The Nubian Desert is in northeastern Sudan.