Copyright infringement not intended

Picture Courtesy: Indian Express

Context:

Shaniwar Wada, located in Pune, was the grand residence of the Peshwas, the powerful Prime Ministers of the Maratha Empire. Among its notable residents was Mastani, the Muslim princess and consort of Peshwa Baji Rao I.

About Shaniwar Wada:

History

• Founded: 1730
• Founder: Peshwa Baji Rao I
• Served as the administrative and residential center for the Peshwas.
• Designed to accommodate the growing family and administrative needs over time. 

Architecture:

The foundation stone of Shaniwar Wada was laid on January 10, 1730, a Saturday, which gave the mansion its name. The construction took two years and cost Rs 16,110. The mansion included:

• Thoriya Rayacha Diwankhana – Baji Rao I’s Court Hall
• Nachacha Mahal – Dancing Hall
• Juna Aarse Mahal – Old Mirror Hall
• A lotus-shaped fountain with a thousand heads
• Murals depicting scenes from the epics
• Cypress-shaped pillars

Shaniwar Wada was designed to serve both residential and administrative needs, with expansions made over time as the family and administration grew.

The Peshwa’s Seat of Power:

The Maratha Empire was established with Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj’s coronation in 1674. By the 18th century, it dominated large parts of India.

• Chhatrapati Shahu appointed Balaji Vishwanath Bhat as the first Peshwa in 1714.
• After his death in 1720, his son Baji Rao I, a skilled military strategist, extended the Maratha Empire to Malwa, Gujarat, and Bundelkhand, nearly reaching Delhi.

Baji Rao relocated the family residence from Saswad to Pune, establishing Shaniwar Wada as the Peshwa’s new home.

Decline:

• Burned down in 1827, leaving mainly the fortification walls and gates.
• Key gates: Dilli Darwaza, Mastani Darwaza, Ganesh Darwaza.
• Restoration efforts were undertaken in 1921 before Prince Edward’s visit. 

Mastani and Cultural Significance:

• Mastani lived at Shaniwar Wada and was allowed to practice her faith.
• Muslims served in the Peshwa armies, with figures like Ibrahim Khan Gardi.
• Symbolizes religious tolerance and cultural diversity during the Peshwa era. 

Conclusion:

Shaniwar Wada stands as a symbol of Maratha power, architectural brilliance, and cultural diversity. Though largely in ruins today, it reflects the grandeur of the Peshwas’ era, their administrative prowess, and their tolerance towards different communities. The site continues to attract visitors, offering a glimpse into India’s rich historical and cultural heritage. 

Source: Indian Express