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Context

International Mother Language Day is observed worldwide on 21 February each year to promote awareness of linguistic and cultural diversity and to encourage multilingualism.

Details

• First announced by UNESCO in 1999 and recognized by the United Nations General Assembly in 2002, this day commemorates the sacrifices made by individuals advocating for language rights, particularly exemplified by the Language Movement in Bangladesh.

History and Significance

• The Language Movement in Bangladesh, sparked by the government's imposition of Urdu as the sole national language in 1948, led to protests and demonstrations advocating for the recognition of Bengali as a national language.
• On 21 February 1952, police opened fire on peaceful demonstrators in Dhaka, resulting in the deaths of several protesters. This tragic event symbolizes the struggle for linguistic rights and cultural identity.
• The significance of this day prompted UNESCO to declare 21 February as International Mother Language Day, recognizing the importance of preserving and promoting linguistic diversity worldwide.

Observances

• UNESCO selects a theme each year for International Mother Language Day, with events and activities held at its headquarters in Paris.
• The day is celebrated in various countries, with Bangladesh observing it as a national holiday since 1953. Activities include placing flowers at Martyrs' Monuments, literary competitions, cultural gatherings, and book fairs.
• In Canada, efforts have been made to recognize and observe International Mother Language Day through parliamentary initiatives and proclamations in different provinces.
• The Mother Tongue Film Festival in Washington, D.C., and commemorative events in the United Kingdom also contribute to the global observance of the day.

Awards

• The Linguapax Prize, awarded annually by the Linguapax Institute in Barcelona, honors individuals or organizations for their contributions to linguistic diversity and multilingualism.
• The Ekushey Heritage Award, established by the Bangladesh Heritage and Ethnic Society of Alberta (BHESA), recognizes achievements in education, social work, and community service, announced on International Mother Language Day.
• The Ekushey Youth Award, introduced by Alberta's Mahinur Jahid Memorial Foundation (MJMF), celebrates individuals who inspire youth through their contributions to education, sports, literature, and community service.

Conclusion

International Mother Language Day serves as a reminder of the importance of linguistic diversity and the protection of mother languages worldwide. Through commemorative events, advocacy, and recognition of language-related achievements, this day promotes cultural understanding, tolerance, and the preservation of linguistic heritage for future generations.

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