The protection of neutral shipping during maritime conflicts relies on UNCLOS and the San Remo Manual. Recent attacks in critical chokepoints like the Strait of Hormuz highlight gaps in global governance, threatening India’s energy security, seafarers, and international trade routes.
Click to View MoreThe 2026 Strait of Hormuz crisis threatens India's energy security and the lives of Indian seafarers in the Gulf. In response, India escalated diplomatic protests, issued safety circulars, and deployed naval task forces under Operations Sankalp and Urja Suraksha.
Click to View MoreUNCLOS establishes "laws of the sea," defining territorial boundaries and resource rights. SOLAS sets essential safety standards for ship construction, equipment, and operation. MARPOL focuses on environmental protection, strictly regulating pollution from oil, chemicals, and sewage.
Click to View MoreThe High Seas Treaty, or BBNJ Agreement, creates a global framework to conserve marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction. It fills UNCLOS gaps through MPAs, fair sharing of marine genetic resources, EIAs, and capacity building, but its impact depends on ratification, funding, and strong international cooperation.
Click to View MoreThe 20th East Asia Summit in Kuala Lumpur offers India a platform to advance its Act East Policy and Indo-Pacific vision. By supporting ASEAN Centrality and maritime security under UNCLOS, India seeks stronger economic, digital, and security cooperation amid rising geopolitical tensions and supply chain challenges.
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