India and Pakistan share a complex relationship shaped by partition, wars, and unresolved disputes like Kashmir. Relations fluctuate between dialogue and hostility, influenced by terrorism concerns, nuclear deterrence, regional politics, and fragile confidence building efforts. Despite talks, mistrust remains, limiting trade, people-to-people contact, and stability.
Click to View MoreThe Indus Waters Treaty, a World Bank-mediated pact, was signed in 1960. It allocates 80% of the Indus basin's water to Pakistan. India suspended the treaty in April 2025 after a terrorist attack, citing an outdated framework and Pakistan’s obstruction of projects. The path forward involves modernising the treaty to address current water and security challenges.
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