Geography

TYPHOON KALMAEGI IMPACT AND RESPONSE

Typhoon Kalmaegi, a Category 3 storm, caused widespread floods and landslides in Cebu, Philippines. This disaster, following recent earthquakes, prompted a national state of calamity, highlighting the Philippines' growing vulnerability to climate-related events.

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AVALANCHE RISK RISING WITH CLIMATE CHANGE

Climate change is increasing avalanche risks in the Himalayas. Rising temperatures and erratic weather destabilize snow and thaw permafrost, causing frequent avalanches. India must strengthen forecasting, disaster response, structural safeguards, and community preparedness to build resilience against this escalating climate threat.

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SUSTAINABLE AND CLIMATE-RESILIENT FARMING SYSTEMS

Building climate-resilient agriculture secures food supply and supports farmers. India must shift from input-heavy farming to sustainable methods like crop diversification, agroecology, and smart water use. Strengthening soil health, using technology, and valuing traditional knowledge will ensure lasting environmental and economic stability.

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CLIMATE MODELS : MEANING, ISSUES & WAY FORWARD

Climate models are computer-based tools that simulate Earth’s climate systems to study past, present, and future climate patterns. Over time, they have evolved from simple energy balance models to advanced global and regional models. While these models help predict trends like temperature rise and monsoon changes, they face issues such as data gaps and limited regional accuracy. The Indian government is improving model precision through projects like the National Monsoon Mission and supercomputers such as Pratyush and Mihir.

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COLD DESERT BIOSPHERE RESERVE: INDIA’S UNESCO BIOSPHERE RESERVE UPDATED

UNESCO added Himachal Pradesh’s Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve to the World Network of Biosphere Reserves, raising India’s tally to 13. Protecting snow leopards and supporting pastoralists, it exemplifies sustainable, community-led development in a fragile trans-Himalayan ecosystem.

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CYCLONE ‘SHAKHTI’: WHY IS THE ARABIAN SEA BECOMING A CYCLONE HOTSPOT?

Cyclone ‘Shakhti’ highlights the rising frequency of Arabian Sea storms, emphasizing the need for accurate IMD forecasting, resilient infrastructure, community participation, and comprehensive disaster preparedness to mitigate climate change–driven impacts on vulnerable coastal regions.

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WHY RIVER GANGA IS DRYING FASTER THAN EVER

The Ganges River is drying rapidly, driven by climate change and unsustainable human use, threatening 650 million lives. Restoring balance demands urgent action—reduced groundwater extraction, secured environmental flows, and regional cooperation—to protect this sacred lifeline and ensure future water security.

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WHAT IS SUPER TYPHOON RAGASA? EXPLAINED

Super Typhoon Ragasa, locally called “Nando,” is a Category 5 storm with winds of 205 km/h and gusts up to 250 km/h. Originating in the warm western Pacific, it moves across the Luzon Strait toward the Babuyan Islands and southern China.

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Sustainable Tourism: Meaning, Challenges and Way Forward

Sustainable tourism strategy aims to address economic, social, and environmental impacts, focusing on environmental, socio-cultural, and economic sustainability. The government has implemented initiatives like Swadesh Darshan, PRASHAD, and the National Strategy for Sustainable Tourism, to promote responsible tourism practices and reducing local resource pressure.

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SOUTHWEST MONSOON

According to a research paper issued by scientists from the India Meteorological Department, the duration of the southwest monsoon (SWM) season, which provides 75% of India's annual rainfall, has increased during the last five decades.

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