Foreign Policy

INDIA-AFRICA ECONOMIC RELATIONS 2025: CHALLENGES AND WAY FORWARD

India is boosting economic ties with Africa to diversify markets and counter China. Despite nearly $100 billion in trade, India's low market share is due to investment hurdles and weak MSME support. To double trade by 2030, India must utilize the African Continental Free Trade Area, expand manufacturing, enhance finance and logistics, and transition to a strategic partnership.

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INDIA-JORDAN RELATIONS: STATUS, SIGNIFICANCE, CHALLENGES, WAY FORWARD

Marking 75 years of ties, India and Jordan are upgrading relations to a strategic partnership. Jordan’s stability, role in the Aqaba Process, and IMEC potential matter for India. Fertiliser trade anchors ties, while defence, energy, and connectivity will drive future cooperation.

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INDIA TO CHAIR INTERNATIONAL IDEA

India’s first chairmanship of International IDEA highlights global trust in its electoral strengths. The role lets India present its election model, support Global South democracies, and shape global norms on integrity. At a time of democratic backsliding, it can drive inclusive, cooperative, and context-sensitive democratic reforms worldwide.

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INDIA PROPOSES SIX NEW INITIATIVES AT G20 LEADERS’ SUMMIT IN JOHANNESBURG

At the Johannesburg G20 Summit, India proposed six initiatives: a Traditional Knowledge Repository, Africa Skills Multiplier Program, Global Healthcare Response Team, drug-terror nexus framework, Critical Minerals Circularity plan and Open Satellite Data Partnership. These aim to boost health, security, technology and reinforce India’s role as the Global South’s voice.

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INDIA-CANADA RELATIONS: CHALLENGES AND WAY FORWARD

India-Canada ties sit at a tense crossroads. Strong trade and a vibrant diaspora contrast with mistrust rooted in security concerns and Khalistani extremism. The way forward lies in steady dialogue and deeper cooperation in critical minerals, clean energy, and aerospace while keeping economic engagement insulated from political friction.

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INDIA NEED FLEXIBLE NUCLEAR POLICY: CHALLENGES AND WAY FORWARD

Major powers like Russia, China, and the US are reconsidering their own nuclear testing, which puts pressure on India's voluntary nuclear testing moratorium. This global security shift requires India to re-evaluate its position to maintain a "Credible Minimum Deterrence" against new threats.

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PAKISTAN’S REVIVAL SHOULD WORRY INDIA

Pakistan’s revival brings both stability and strategic risk for India. A stronger Pakistan may gain global leverage and shift its military focus eastward. India must respond by boosting economic power, fortifying security, and deepening global partnerships to maintain regional dominance with cautious, forward-looking strategy.

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INDIA-ASEAN RELATIONS : STATUS, CHALLENGES WAY FORWARD

India and ASEAN share a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership central to India’s Act East Policy and Indo-Pacific vision. Focused on connectivity, maritime security, and trade, it faces challenges from China’s assertiveness and project delays. Strengthening digital, maritime, and supply chain cooperation is key to regional stability and growth.

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INDIA–BRAZIL RELATION: STATUS, SIGNIFICANCE, CHALLENGES, WAY FORWARD

India and Brazil’s strategic partnership strengthens South-South cooperation through defense, space, and trade collaboration. Targeting $20 billion bilateral trade by 2030 via the India-Mercosur PTA, both nations pursue balanced growth, multilateral engagement, and diversified sectors to build a resilient, future-oriented, and mutually beneficial relationship.

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INDIA MONGOLIA RELATION: STATUS, SIGNIFICANCE, CHALLENGES, WAY FORWARD

India and Mongolia mark 70 years of diplomatic ties built on Democracy, Dharma, and Development. Their Strategic Partnership deepens through defence drills, India’s $1.7 billion refinery project, and mutual UN support, advancing India’s Act East and Mongolia’s Third Neighbour policies for a balanced Indo-Pacific.

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WHAT IS MECCA CHARTER? EXPLAINED

Over 1,200 Islamic scholars endorsed the 2019 Mecca Charter, promoting a moderate Islam. It rejects extremism, condemns terrorism, supports women’s empowerment, environmental protection, and national loyalty, reinforcing India’s secular, pluralistic values and fostering communal harmony and national integration.

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INDIA-AUSTRALIA RELATIONS: SIGNIFICANCE, CHALLENGES, WAY FORWARD

India–Australia relations in 2025 reflect growing strategic trust and operational cooperation across trade, defence, and technology. With ECTA, defence pacts, and industrial collaboration delivering results, both nations must now address trade imbalances and capacity gaps to consolidate gains and emerge as a stabilising force in the Indo-Pacific.

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