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Context: Turkey is set to implement Montreux Convention to limit the movement of Russian warships between the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea.

Montreux Convention:

• The 1936 Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits, often referred to as the Montreux Convention.
• Under this convention, Turkey has control over both the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits.
• In the event of a war, the pact gives Turkey the right to regulate the transit of naval warships and to block the straits to warships belonging to the countries involved in the conflict.
• It regulates maritime traffic through the Black Sea.
• It guarantees "complete freedom" of passage for all civilian vessels during peacetime and permits Turkey to restrict the passage of navies not belonging to Black Sea states.
• Military vessels are limited in number, tonnage and weaponry, with specific provisions governing their mode of entry and duration of stay.
• Warships must provide advanced notification to Turkish authorities, which, in turn, must inform the parties to the Convention.

• The Bosporus and Dardanelles straits, also known as the Turkish Straits or the Black Sea Straits, connect the Aegean Sea and the Black Sea via the Sea of Marmara.
• It is the only passage through which the Black Sea ports can access the Mediterranean and beyond.

https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/turkey-russia-black-sea-7795658/

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