Description

Copyright infringement not intended

Picture Courtesy: ESA

Context:

The “INVICTUS" research program launched to develop advanced hypersonic technologies for future reusable vehicles.

INVICTUS: ADVANCED HYPERSONIC TECHNOLOGIES

What is INVICTUS?

INVICTUS is Europe's new hypersonic test platform, a research program aimed at developing advanced hypersonic technologies.

The project includes creating future reusable launch vehicles that can achieve horizontal launch, and reach speeds of Mach 5 (five times the speed of sound).

Researchers target 2031 for the first flight demonstration.

Who develops INVICTUS?

The European Space Agency (ESA) and UK-based Frazer-Nash initiated the INVICTUS program.

ESA funds this program through its General Support Technology Programme (GSTP) and Technology Development Element (TDE).

What challenges does hypersonic flight present, and how does INVICTUS address them?

Flying at hypersonic speeds creates challenges, due to extreme heat, exceeding 1,000°C and even 3000°C, which can melt strong metals like steel and titanium.

These conditions require specialized materials, advanced cooling systems, and unique propulsion systems.

INVICTUS addresses the challenges by proving the suitability of a hydrogen-fuelled precooled air-breathing propulsion system for horizontal take-off and hypersonic flight.

How do "air-breathing propulsion systems" work?

Air-breathing propulsion systems, unlike traditional rockets, draw oxygen directly from the atmosphere to burn fuel, generating thrust.

It eliminates the need to carry heavy onboard oxidizers, which make them more fuel-efficient and lighter for atmospheric flight.

The efficiency leads to increased range, payload capacity, and reduced emissions.

How does SABRE technology contribute to INVICTUS?

The precooler system in INVICTUS builds directly on technology developed through ESA's SABRE study.

SABRE (Synergetic Air-Breathing Rocket Engine) => Operates in air-breathing mode, using atmospheric air, up to speeds above Mach 5, then switches to a conventional rocket mode using onboard liquid oxygen for space flight.

What are the broader implications and benefits of INVICTUS?

Boost new innovations in mobility, defense, and space access.

Foundation for aircraft that take off like planes but can reach orbit like rockets.

Serve both civilian and military applications

FAQ

What is INVICTUS and its primary goal?

INVICTUS is Europe's new fully reusable hypersonic test platform, developed by ESA and Frazer-Nash, aiming to demonstrate technologies for sustained Mach 5 flight and enable future spaceplanes.

How will INVICTUS achieve sustained hypersonic flight?

It will utilize a hydrogen-fuelled precooled air-breathing propulsion system, building on Reaction Engines' SABRE technology, to manage extreme heat at Mach 5.

What are the "dual-use capabilities" of INVICTUS?

INVICTUS technology holds potential for both civilian applications like rapid global mobility and defence purposes, offering strategic advantages in aerospace and transportation.

Must Read Articles:

SPADEX: India's Space Docking Technology II ISRO

India's Space Program: Achievements & Future Missions

Source: ESA

PRACTICE QUESTION

Q. INVICTUS, an European initiative frequently seen in news, is related to:

A) Cybersecurity

B) International space station

C) Reusable aerospace vehicle

D) Lunar landers

Answer: C

Explanation:

The European Space Agency (ESA) and UK-based Frazer-Nash have started INVICTUS, a research programme with the goal of developing hypersonic technologies applicable to future reusable vehicles capable of horizontal launch.