UPSC notes

BANDA SINGH BAHADUR: LIFE, CAMPAIGNS, AND AGRARIAN REFORMS

Banda Singh Bahadur, a legendary Sikh warrior who defeated the Mughals, captured Sirhind, abolished the Zamindari system, and established the first sovereign Khalsa Raj.  

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CLIMATE-RESILIENT AGRICULTURE IN INDIA: CHALLENGES, SCHEMES & WAY FORWARD

India is transitioning to climate-resilient agriculture to ensure food security and mitigate climate risks. Initiatives like NMSA, NICRA, and the Digital Agriculture Mission promote sustainable practices, micro-irrigation, and crop diversification, driving India's vision of Viksit Bharat and Net Zero.

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SCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM IN INDIA: NITI AAYOG REPORT

The NITI Aayog 2026 report analyses India’s school education, noting universal primary access but severe learning deficits, secondary dropouts, and fragmented structures. It proposes 13 systemic and academic reforms to shift focus from mere access to meaningful learning quality.

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PRADHAN MANTRI UJJWALA YOJANA (PMUY): TRANSFORMING WOMEN'S HEALTH & CLEAN ENERGY ACCESS

Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) provides deposit-free clean LPG cooking fuel to adult women from poor households. Launched in 2016, it aims to reduce indoor air pollution, empower women, and ensure energy justice with targeted subsidies.

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VEER BAL DIWAS : REMEMBERING THE BRAVE SONS OF GURU GOBIND SINGH JI

Veer Bal Diwas, observed on 26 December each year, commemorates the supreme sacrifice of the four Sahibzadas, the sons of Guru Gobind Singh Ji, especially the younger two—Sahibzada Zorawar Singh Ji and Sahibzada Fateh Singh Ji—who were bricked alive at Sirhind for refusing to renounce their faith. Announced in 2022, the day highlights key events such as the siege of Anandpur Sahib, Parivar Vichhora, the Battle of Chamkaur, and the martyrdom of the Sahibzadas. It serves as a national reminder of moral courage, resilience, and unwavering commitment to truth, inspiring children and youth through stories of bravery and ethical strength.

 

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