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UPSC GS Paper 2 International Relations

INDIA-KENYA RELATIONS: SIGNIFICANCE, CHALLENGES, AND WAY FORWARD

India-Kenya trade hit $4.31 billion, signaling a strategic shift toward digital infrastructure and maritime security. Balancing trade through local currency settlements and B2B investments is vital for this Global South alliance.

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INDIA–AFRICA FORUM SUMMIT (IAFS) 2026

The 2026 summit transforms India-Africa ties into a strategic economic alliance. By offering demand-driven development and digital infrastructure, India counters global competition. Success depends on executing projects effectively to secure critical resources and lead the Global South through tangible, mutual growth.

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INDIA-TURKIYE RELATIONS: SIGNIFICANCE, CHALLENGES, WAY FORWARD

India and Turkiye are pursuing a diplomatic reset after a four-year freeze. By using "strategic compartmentalization," India leverages its economic influence to boost trade and connectivity while maintaining firm red lines regarding Turkiye's defense ties with Pakistan and Kashmir

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OPERATION URJA SURAKSHA: SECURING INDIA’S ENERGY AMIDST WEST ASIAN CRISIS

Operation Urja Suraksha is the Indian Navy’s 2026 strategic response to the Iran-Israel conflict. By escorting merchant tankers through the Strait of Hormuz blockade, the Navy ensures uninterrupted energy imports and protects India’s national maritime and economic security. 

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WTO CRISIS EXPLAINED: CAUSES, IMPACT, WAY FORWARD

The global trade order faces an existential crisis as the authority of the WTO weakens due to the US–China rivalry, Western populism, and the US-led paralysis of dispute settlement. This shift toward power-based trade hurts developing nations. India responds by backing WTO reforms, advocating for the Global South, and diversifying trade ties to protect its interests.

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