UPSC mains GS3

SUB-MISSION ON AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION (SMAM)

The Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM) transforms India's agriculture by providing subsidies and Custom Hiring Centres to smallholders. Expanding Scale-Appropriate Mechanization, integrating AI tools like Bharat VISTAAR, and empowering FPOs can resolve labor shortages, cut costs, and boost sustainable productivity.

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COAL GASIFICATION: PROCESS, TECHNOLOGY, CHALLENGES

India's push for coal gasification aims to convert vast high-ash coal reserves into syngas, producing vital chemicals like methanol and urea to reduce import dependence. The ₹37,500-crore incentive scheme targets 100 million tonnes of gasification by 2030.

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REGIONAL AVIATION IN INDIA

India is set to get four new regional airlines, but their success is not guaranteed because the Indian aviation market is highly competitive and dominated by IndiGo and the Air India group, which together hold over 90 percent of the domestic market. Regional airlines face high fuel and leasing costs, low profit margins, seasonal demand on smaller routes, and difficulty in accessing finance. Many earlier regional carriers have already shut down, showing how fragile this segment is. While government connectivity schemes and rising air travel offer opportunities, only those airlines with strong funding, careful route planning, and efficient operations are likely to remain viable.

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