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UPSC GS 3 Environment

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF IRAN WAR EXPLAINED

Modern warfare has a huge but overlooked carbon footprint, highlighted by the Israel–Gaza conflict with about 33 million tonnes CO₂e emissions. Military emissions remain underreported due to exemptions in the Kyoto Protocol and voluntary reporting under the Paris Agreement, demanding mandatory reporting and accountability under the UNFCCC.

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PHENOLOGICAL SHIFTS: CLIMATE CHANGE IS ALTERING THE FLOWERING ‘CALENDAR’

Climate change is altering plant flowering timings, causing phenological shifts that disrupt synchrony with pollinators. This mismatch reduces pollination, weakens food webs, and raises extinction risks. Evidence from early mango blooming and Himalayan ecosystem changes shows growing vulnerability, demanding monitoring, ecosystem-based conservation, and stronger climate action.

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WATER BANKRUPTCY: MEANING, CAUSES, IMPACT, CHALLENGES, WAY FORWARD

A UN report warns of “water bankruptcy,” where withdrawals exceed natural recharge. India, with 17% of the global population but 4% of freshwater, faces rising stress. Climate change and governance failures worsen crises like Bengaluru’s. Solutions include integrated water management, sponge cities, efficient irrigation, and revived harvesting systems.

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WORLD SPENDS MORE ON DESTROYING NATURE THAN SAVING IT

The UNEP report exposes a stark 30:1 imbalance, with nature-harming finance vastly exceeding investments in Nature-based Solutions, deepening the triple planetary crisis. It urges repurposing harmful subsidies and scaling public–private capital. For India, despite CAMPA and Namami Gange, mobilising private finance and reforming subsidies remain key challenges.

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