BRICS

INDIA-BRAZIL STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP: CHALLENGES AND WAY FORWARD

Brazil’s President’s February 2026 visit strengthened the India-Brazil Strategic Partnership, advancing Global South leadership. Outcomes include a digital AI partnership, a USD 30 billion trade target by 2030, and cooperation on critical minerals and Scorpene submarines. Overcoming distance and Chinese influence requires diversified trade and deeper defence collaboration.

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CENTRAL BANK DIGITAL CURRENCY

Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) is a sovereign digital form of money issued by central banks to complement physical cash and existing digital payment systems. It aims to enhance payment efficiency, financial inclusion, monetary sovereignty, and cross-border transactions while offering a safer alternative to private digital currencies. However, challenges related to cybersecurity, privacy, banking stability, and interoperability necessitate a cautious, phased, and well-regulated implementation supported by strong domestic and international coordination.

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A MULTIPOLAR WORLD WITH BIPOLAR CHARACTERISTICS

The global order is shifting from US unipolarity to a fluid multipolar system shaped by US–China rivalry. The United States refocuses strategy, China expands influence, and Russia plays a revisionist swing role. For India, multi-alignment remains essential to preserve strategic autonomy.

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INDIA-ETHIOPIA RELATIONS: STATUS, SIGNIFICANCE, CHALLENGES, WAY FORWARD

India and Ethiopia have upgraded ties to a Strategic Partnership, reflecting Ethiopia’s role as a Horn of Africa gateway and AU hub. New MoUs deepen cooperation, though internal instability and Chinese competition persist. Leveraging BRICS, expanding trade and partnering in new-age sectors will be key to strengthening India’s Africa outreach.

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