SAFFRON PRODUCTION IN INDIA
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Picture Courtesy: timesofindia.indiatimes.com
Context: Challenges faced by saffron farmers in the Khrew area of Pampore, Kashmir, where saffron cultivation has been adversely affected by the presence of cement factories in close proximity. The cement factories release large amounts of dust, containing harmful pollutants, which have a detrimental impact on saffron fields.
Key Highlights
- Khrew region in Kashmir was once a hub of saffron cultivation, but now only a few farmers are engaged in this practice. The decline is attributed to the presence of cement factories in the area.
- Saffron is a valuable spice, Kashmir is known for its high-quality saffron (kesar). The spice is not only economically important but also holds cultural and culinary significance in the region.
- India ranks second in saffron production area globally, but its output only contributes 5-7% of the world's total. Over 90% of India's saffron comes from Kashmir, particularly the Pulwama and Budgam districts.
- The cement factories release dust containing nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and other waste products. This dust negatively affects saffron fields, reducing both the quantity and quality of saffron production.
- Saffron yield in the Pulwama district has reportedly halved over the years due to cement pollution, with farmers facing challenges in maintaining the quality of their crops.
- The delicate nature of saffron flowers makes them highly susceptible to damage from cement dust. The pollution affects the growth, quality, and quantity of saffron, leading to a decline in production.
- Saffron farmers have expressed concerns about the future of saffron cultivation in the region. They argue that the government has allowed the establishment of cement factories despite protests from the saffron growers.
- In addition to cement pollution, other factors such as the diversion of saffron cultivation land for housing and industries, climate change, and the use of machines for ploughing are contributing to the reduced production of saffron.
- The declining quantity and quality of saffron have weakened the saffron spice industry, affecting the economic well-being of Kashmir. Market rates for Kashmiri Kesar have decreased, making saffron farming less financially rewarding for farmers.
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Saffron ●Saffron is a spice derived from the dried stigmas of the flower Crocus sativus, also known as saffron crocus. It is one of the most expensive spices in the world, valued for its aroma, colour and medicinal properties. ●Saffron cultivation in India is mainly confined to the state of Jammu and Kashmir, where it has been grown for centuries on the well-drained karewa soils of the Kashmir and Kishtwar regions. ●Saffron is a perennial herb that grows at an elevation of 1500-2000 meters above sea level and requires a cool and humid climate with a photoperiod of 12 hours or less for flowering. ●The saffron flowers are hand-picked in autumn and the stigmas are carefully separated and dried before being used as spice or for other purposes. ●Saffron has multiple uses in the food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and perfumery industries. It also has several health benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-depressant, anti-cancer and anti-diabetic properties. ●Iran accounts for about 88% of the world's saffron production. Though, India occupies the 2nd largest area but produces approximately 7% of the total world production. |
Conclusion
- Saffron growers emphasize the need for concrete actions to protect the saffron industry. They urged authorities to implement effective measures to minimize pollution from industries and safeguard the future of saffron cultivation in Kashmir.
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PRACTICE QUESTION Q. Which part of the saffron crocus plant is harvested for its spice? A) Flower petals B) Roots C) Stems D) Stigma Answer: D Explanation: The saffron spice is obtained from the stigma of the saffron crocus flower. Each flower contains three crimson-coloured stigmas, which are carefully handpicked, dried, and used as a saffron spice. |
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