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• The Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban) 2.0 targets the remediation of all legacy landfills in the country.
  • The aim is to make all cities “garbage-free” by the end of 2026.
• Housing and Urban Affairs Ministry officials said that the action plan for 1,000 legacy landfill sites had been approved.
  • Any solid waste that has remained dumped for over three months is considered “legacy”.
• The Ministry will release an online dashboard in November 2022.
  • Through the portal, citizens would be able to track the progress of their cities’ action plans for the remediation of legacy landfills.
• Under Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban), the Government adopted “Mission ZERO Waste” which aims at the Management of Solid wastes generated.

 

Swachh Bharat Mission

• Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) is a country-wide campaign initiated by the Government of India in 2014 to eliminate open defecation and improve solid waste management.
• It is a restructured version of the Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan launched in 2009.
• Phase 1 of the Swachh Bharat Mission lasted till October 2019.
• Phase 2 is being implemented between 2020–21 and 2024–25.
• The mission aimed to achieve an "open-defecation-free" (ODF) India by 2 October 2019, the 150th anniversary of the birth of Mahatma Gandhi through the construction of toilets.
• The objectives of the first phase of the mission:
  • Eradication of manual scavenging.
  • Generating awareness and bringing about behaviour change regarding sanitation practices.
  • Building capacity at the local level.
• The second phase of the mission aims to sustain the open defecation-free status and improve the management of solid and liquid waste, while also working to improve the lives of sanitation workers.
• Under the scheme, the Government provides subsidies for constructing toilets, waste management structures, and awareness campaigns to bring behaviour change.
• The campaign is financed by the Government of India and state governments.
• The mission is split into two: Rural and Urban.
  • In rural areas "SBM - Gramin" is financed and monitored through the Ministry of Jal Shakti.
  • In Urban areas "SBM - urban" is overseen by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.

  

Landfill Sites

• Landfilling is the oldest and most common form of waste disposal. A landfill site is a site for the disposal of waste materials.
• Waste Management System includes Collection, Segregation, Transportation, Processing and Disposal of waste.
• Waste is classified into Several Categories based on Source and type of waste. These include;
  • Domestic waste
  • Municipal waste
  • Commercial waste
  • Institutional waste
  • Construction and Demolition waste
  • Hazardous waste and Sewage waste

Concerns  

• Absence of Segregation of waste at source.
• Landfill often Catches fire due to the release of Methane by Waste.
• Due to a lack of proper treatment facilities, by-products released during decomposition seep into Groundwater and pollute it.
• It is unfair to Citizens of that area to export the City’s garbage to their locality.
• Asthma, Tuberculosis, and Skin diseases are Some Common Health Problems among the rag Pickers
• Dumping is done in landfills without following scientific methods of disposal.
• Improper waste management causes environmental hazards like climate change, pollution, and the spread of odours and diseases.
• Affect human and animal health and result in economic, environmental and biological losses.
• Lack of funds for local bodies.
• Lack of technical expertise.

 

 

Steps need to be taken

• Garbage needs to be Reduced, Reused, and Recycled.
• Improvements in Waste Segregation, Collection and Transportation.
• Maximum recycling and Treatment of waste must be done at the local level.
• Involve informal Sector/waste pickers and Citizen groups to Collect and Segregated waste, under a door-to-door Collection System.
• Reduces the quantity of waste and recovers Products of economic value.
• Decentralized waste treatment options Such as Composting units, biogas Plants, waste to-energy Plants.
• Promote the Concept of Zero Waste to minimize the use of resources and maximize benefits.
• Prepare an integrated Solid waste management Plan for the Whole City.
• Educate Citizens about waste Segregation and make them active Stakeholders in waste management.
• Reaching out to School Students to generate awareness about Sustainable waste management
• Strengthening municipal governance, improving waste management and developing regulations within Urban Local Bodies for improving waste segregation.
• Promote the Principle of 5R: Reduce, Reuse, Recover, Recycle, Re-manufacture.
• Set up regional sanitary landfill to reduce land requirements.
• Create an Adequate Funding Mechanism to Implement waste Regulations.
• Capacity-building of local Bodies.
• Development and setting up of infrastructure for Segregation, Collection, Storage, and transportation of waste.
• Regular monitoring for ensuring the safety and health of workers involved in dismantling and recycling.
• Creating Green Belt Around Landfill Sites.

 

 

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