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• Recently data released by the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) highlighted that as compared to the lockdown period, the year 2021 experienced an increased number of violent crimes such as rape, kidnapping, atrocities against children, and robberies across India.

Highlights of the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) report 2021

• Murders cases registered increased in 2021.
• Increased the number of registered rape cases from 28,046 in 2020 to 31,677 in 2021.
• Cases related to kidnapping and abduction fell to 84,805 in 2020 from 1, 05,036 cases in 2019 but again rose to 1, 01,707 in 2021.
• The overall registered cognisable crimes decreased by 7.6% falling from 66 lakh in 2020 to 60.9 lakh in 2021.
• The crime rate (crimes per 1 lakh people) also decreased from 487.8 in 2020 to 445.9 in 2021.
• The decline in overall crimes in 2021 can be attributed to a sharp decrease in cases registered over violations of COVID-19 norms.
• The rate of violent crimes (per 1 lakh people) among major States was the highest in Assam in 2021, followed by Delhi and West Bengal at 48.7.
  • The rate was the lowest in Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
  • The biggest increase in the rate of violent crimes was recorded in Odisha.
• A total of 1, 49,404 cases of crime against children were registered in 2021, showing an increase of 16.2% over 2020 (1, 28,531 cases).
• A total of 26,110 cases were registered for committing crimes against Senior Citizens (aged above 60 years), showing an increase of 5.3% in registration over 2020 (24,794 cases).
• A total of 52,974 cases were registered under Cyber Crimes, showing an increase of 5.9% in registration over 2020 (50,035 cases).
• During the year 2021, a total of 64,471 cases were registered under Environment-Related Offences as compared to 61,767 cases in the year 2020, showing an increase of 4.4%.
• A total of 2,189 cases of Human Trafficking were registered in 2021 as compared to 1,714 cases in the year 2020, showing an increase of 27.7%.
• State/UT reporting the highest Charge-sheeting Rate under IPC Crimes is Gujarat (95.9%), Puducherry (93.0%) and Andhra Pradesh (92.9%).

About National Crime Records Bureau

• National Police Commission in 1977.
  • The Commission was set up to look into all aspects of policing in the country and make recommendations to bring about the required organizational, procedural and cultural changes in the State Police to bring it in tune with the national aspirations of a democratic and welfare State.
• Committee on Crime Records in 1978.
  • The Committee was set up to review the existing crime records and associated procedures and to recommend changes to enable the police forces to meet the present-day requirements of crime and criminal information.
• Accepting the recommendations of the National Police Commission (1977), the Ministry of Home Affairs constituted a Task Force in 1985 to work out the modalities for setting up the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB).
• The Government accepted the recommendations of the Task Force and constituted the NCRB with headquarters in New Delhi in January 1986.

Significance of NCRB

• NCRB functions as the house of information on crime and criminals including those operating at National and International levels.
• Stores, coordinates and shares information with States and national investigating agencies.
• Collects and processes crime statistics at the National level.
• Coordinate, guide and assist the functioning of the State Crime Records Bureau.
• Function as the National storehouse of fingerprint (FP) records of convicted persons including FP records of foreign criminals.
• Advises Central and State Governments on matters related to fingerprints and footprints, and conducts training courses for fingerprint experts.

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