BALTIC SEA

28th July, 2023 Geography

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Context

A project aimed at restoring seagrass meadows in the Baltic Sea, particularly off the coast of Kiel in northern Germany.

Details

Scuba divers off the coast of Kiel, northern Germany, involved in a new project to restore seagrass meadows.
Seagrass meadows act as natural carbon sinks, but they have declined due to worsening water quality.
The SeaStore Seagrass Restoration Project aims to train citizens to restore seagrass meadows autonomously.

Benefits of Seagrass Meadows

Seagrasses store more carbon dioxide (CO2) per square mile than forests on land, acting as vital carbon sinks.
They support fisheries and protect coastlines from erosion.

Loss of Seagrass Areas in Europe

Europe has lost one third of its seagrass areas between the 1860s and 2016, contributing to carbon release and global warming.

The SeaStore Seagrass Restoration Project

Led by Angela Stevenson from GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research.
First initiative allowing citizens to restore seagrass meadows autonomously.
A weekend course for divers and land volunteers to learn planting techniques.
2,500 plants were planted during the first course in July.

The Vision and Challenges

The ultimate goal is to re-green the Baltic Sea through large-scale restoration.
Research on seagrass resilience to temperature rises.
Efforts to breed more heat-resistant seagrass strains.
Experimenting with alternative methods of restoration using seeds.

Laborious Restoration Process

Current approach requires a large number of divers planting shoots for an extended period.
Estimated half a million divers, working for an entire year, needed to restore lost seagrass in the Baltic Sea along Germany's coast.
Despite efforts, it would only account for a small fraction of German emissions.

Future Possibilities

The team is exploring new technologies for artificial carbon removal.
Advocating for nature-based solutions to carbon storage through seagrass meadows.

About Baltic Sea

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The Baltic Sea is a brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe.
It is surrounded by several countries, including Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Germany, and Denmark.
The sea connects with the North Sea through the narrow Danish Straits, including the Great Belt, the Little Belt, and the Oresund.

Geography and Extent

The Baltic Sea covers an area of approximately 377,000 square kilometers.
It is relatively shallow, with an average depth of about 55 meters and a maximum depth of around 459 meters in the Stockholm Archipelago.
The coastline of the Baltic Sea is characterized by numerous bays, islands, and peninsulas.

Ecology and Environment

The Baltic Sea is unique due to its brackish nature, resulting from a mix of fresh and saltwater.
The sea is home to diverse marine ecosystems, including seagrass meadows, rocky shores, and sandy bottoms.
However, it faces significant environmental challenges, including eutrophication, caused by excessive nutrient runoff from agriculture and urban areas, leading to harmful algal blooms and oxygen depletion in some areas.

Shipping and Trade

The Baltic Sea has been a vital waterway for shipping and trade for centuries.
Several major ports, such as Hamburg, Gdansk, Stockholm, and Helsinki, are located along its coast, facilitating international trade and commerce.
The sea is also used for ferry services, connecting various Baltic countries and facilitating passenger transportation.

Marine Resources and Fisheries

The Baltic Sea supports valuable fisheries, including herring, cod, salmon, and sprat, which are essential for the region's food security and economy.
Overfishing and environmental degradation pose threats to fish stocks and sustainable fisheries management.

Tourism and Recreation

The Baltic Sea attracts tourists and visitors from neighboring countries and beyond.
Coastal regions offer opportunities for various recreational activities, such as sailing, boating, fishing, and beach vacations.
The sea's archipelagos and coastal landscapes are popular destinations for nature enthusiasts and outdoor enthusiasts.

Environmental Conservation and Cooperation

The Baltic Sea region is a hub for international cooperation and initiatives to address environmental challenges.
Countries in the region work together to combat pollution, improve water quality, and promote sustainable resource management through organizations like the Helsinki Commission (HELCOM).

Historical and Cultural Significance

The Baltic Sea has played a crucial role in the history and culture of the countries surrounding it.
It has been a trade route, a site of naval battles, and a source of inspiration for literature, art, and folklore.
The sea's maritime heritage is preserved through museums, historical sites, and traditional practices.

PRACTICE QUESTION

Q) Discuss how international cooperation among Baltic Sea countries further enhances its preservation. (150 words).

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