Freshwater sponges, particularly those found in the Sundarban delta, have been shown to effectively accumulate and indicate the presence of heavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium, and lead. Their high filtration capacity and close association with specialized microbes enable them to both monitor and help remediate metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems. These sponge-associated microbes possess adaptations for metal resistance and detoxification, making the sponge–microbe system a promising nature-based solution for assessing and mitigating heavy-metal contamination in freshwater environments.
Click to View MoreThe NGT’s action on illegal sand mining in Assam’s Kaldiya river exposes a wider national crisis. Unscientific extraction harms river ecology, groundwater and biodiversity, while sand mafias fuel revenue loss and conflict. Despite strong laws, weak enforcement persists. Technology-based monitoring, alternatives like M-Sand and stronger accountability are essential.
Click to View MoreIndia struggles to manage growing sludge from rapid urbanization. With most areas depending on on-site sanitation, a strong Fecal Sludge and Septage Management framework is vital. Despite supportive policies, gaps in infrastructure, technology, and regulation remain. Adopting a circular economy can turn sludge into a valuable resource.
Click to View MoreMicroplastic pollution in India is rising due to plastic waste entering rivers, oceans, and food chains. Studies show high contamination in coastal and estuarine fish, posing health and ecological risks. Despite bans on single-use plastics and waste management rules, enforcement gaps remain. Strengthened monitoring, biodegradable alternatives, and public awareness are key to reducing microplastic impact by 2030.
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