Louis Mountbatten served as the last Viceroy of India and oversaw the final phase of British rule. He introduced the Mountbatten Plan (3 June 1947), which provided the framework for the partition of British India into the two independent dominions of India and Pakistan. Independence was granted on 15 August 1947, after which Mountbatten became the first Governor-General of India, serving until June 1948. His tenure marked the end of colonial rule and the beginning of independent governance, though the rapid transfer of power also led to large-scale migration, violence, and long-term geopolitical challenges.
Click to View MoreMahatma Gandhi was the central figure who transformed India’s freedom struggle into a mass movement based on truth and non-violence. After returning from South Africa, he led early local struggles like Champaran, Kheda, and the Ahmedabad Mill Strike, which established Satyagraha as an effective method of resistance. He later spearheaded nationwide movements such as Non-Cooperation, Civil Disobedience, and Quit India, mobilizing millions against British rule. Beyond political freedom, Gandhi promoted social reform, self-reliance through Swadeshi and Khadi, communal harmony, and upliftment of the weakest sections. His principles of Ahimsa, Sarvodaya, and Trusteeship continue to influence ideas of ethical governance, social justice, and peaceful conflict resolution worldwide.
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