The High Seas Treaty, or BBNJ Agreement, creates a global framework to conserve marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction. It fills UNCLOS gaps through MPAs, fair sharing of marine genetic resources, EIAs, and capacity building, but its impact depends on ratification, funding, and strong international cooperation.
Click to View MoreRecent studies show that expanding Protected Areas alone has not halted biodiversity loss. Many remain “paper parks” with weak management, poor funding and limited community involvement. Climate change and invasive species worsen impacts. Conservation must shift from area-based targets to outcome-focused, adaptive strategies that empower local custodians.
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