Climate models are computer-based tools that simulate Earth’s climate systems to study past, present, and future climate patterns. Over time, they have evolved from simple energy balance models to advanced global and regional models. While these models help predict trends like temperature rise and monsoon changes, they face issues such as data gaps and limited regional accuracy. The Indian government is improving model precision through projects like the National Monsoon Mission and supercomputers such as Pratyush and Mihir.
Click to View MoreRare Earth Elements (REEs) are 17 vital metals used in modern technologies like electronics, renewable energy, and defense systems. Although India holds significant reserves, it depends heavily on imports—mainly from China, which dominates global production and processing. The ongoing trade tensions have highlighted India’s need for self-reliance in critical minerals. To address this, the government has launched initiatives such as the National Critical Minerals Mission, policy reforms under the MMDR Act, and incentives for refining, recycling, and magnet manufacturing. Strengthening domestic capacity, fostering international collaborations, and ensuring sustainable extraction are key to making India a global player in the rare earth sector.
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