Indian Constitution, adopted on November 26, 1949 after nearly three years of debate, blends global ideas with India’s unique vision. Led by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, it shaped India as a sovereign, secular, socialist democracy. Its amendment process keeps it flexible, protecting justice, liberty, and equality.
Click to View MoreThe Mekedatu dam dispute highlights Karnataka’s push for drinking water and hydropower versus Tamil Nadu’s fears of reduced flow and legal violations. Environmental concerns in the Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary add pressure. With the Supreme Court involving the CWMA, resolution depends on cooperative federalism and sustainable urban water options.
Click to View MoreThe Supreme Court held that courts cannot fix binding timelines for Presidents or Governors to clear bills, citing separation of powers and Article 361 immunity. It warned that indefinite delays undermine legislative intent and urged constitutional dialogue over obstruction, placing responsibility on political norms and conventions.
Click to View MoreZonal Councils, created under the 1956 Act, promote cooperative federalism by resolving inter-state disputes, coordinating security and supporting regional development. Their impact remains limited by irregular meetings and weak follow-up. Strengthening them through regular reviews and better implementation, as recommended by major commissions, can improve cooperation.
Click to View MoreThe Gorkhaland demand reflects India’s federal challenge—balancing Gorkha identity aspirations with West Bengal’s unity. Rooted in historical neglect and cultural assertion, it now moves toward dialogue, with an interlocutor mediating. Understanding the Gorkhaland Territorial Administration (GTA) and Article 3 offers insight into reconciling regional autonomy with national integrity.
Click to View MoreThe lack of a timeline for presidential and gubernatorial assent to bills has led to a "pocket veto," causing friction in the federal system. The Supreme Court is now examining whether a time limit imposes an unauthorized constitutional amendment.
Click to View MoreThe debate over linguistic division of states began in 1920, with the Indian National Congress initially supporting linguistic boundaries. However, the Dhar Commission rejected language as a primary basis for state reorganisation. The 1953 Andhra State was the first created on a linguistic basis. The 1956 Act unified states, enhancing democracy, cultural preservation, and reduced separatism.
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