Sacred groves are community-protected patches of natural vegetation preserved due to religious and cultural beliefs, representing one of India’s oldest traditions of conservation. Found across diverse ecological regions, these landscapes act as biodiversity refuges, support groundwater recharge, prevent soil erosion, and help regulate local microclimates. They also serve as ecological corridors and genetic reservoirs for rare and endemic species. However, sacred groves are increasingly threatened by declining cultural practices, land encroachment, infrastructure and renewable energy projects, and the lack of proper mapping and legal recognition. Strengthening community rights under the Forest Rights Act, recognising them as Community Reserves or OECMs, and integrating traditional knowledge into modern conservation frameworks can enhance their role in biodiversity protection and climate resilience.
Click to View MoreThe Ramsar Convention is an international treaty adopted in 1971 for the conservation and wise use of wetlands, recognizing their importance for biodiversity, water security, climate regulation, and human livelihoods. Wetlands designated as Ramsar Sites receive global recognition for their ecological value, including support for migratory birds, flood control, groundwater recharge, and carbon storage. In India, the addition of new sites such as Patna Bird Sanctuary in Uttar Pradesh and Chhari-Dhand Wetland in Gujarat reflects the country’s growing commitment to wetland conservation. These designations strengthen scientific management, international cooperation, and sustainable use while balancing ecological protection with community livelihoods.
Click to View MoreAccording to the 2025 UNEP report, around 391 million hectares of tropical forests—home to 53 million people—are at high risk of loss due to agriculture expansion, fires, mining, and climate change. These forests play a vital role in carbon storage, water regulation, and biodiversity. Despite global conservation efforts like REDD+ and the Bonn Challenge, deforestation continues at nearly 10 million hectares annually, threatening both ecosystems and livelihoods. Strengthening forest governance, promoting sustainable land use, and empowering local communities are essential to balance development with conservation.
Click to View MoreThe IUCN Global Land Outlook warns that human activities fragment one-third of Earth’s land, degrade 40% of ecosystems, and threaten food security for half of humanity. Nations must restore 30% of degraded ecosystems by 2030 to secure carbon, livelihoods, and resilience.
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